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Anatomy Ch 6
| definition | term |
|---|---|
| functions of skeletal system | protection storage blood cell formation fat storage movement support |
| bones organized by... | shape |
| longer than wide | long bone |
| cube-shaped, as long as they are wide | short bone |
| thin, broad bones | flat bone |
| don't fit in other classes | irregular bone |
| bones within tendons | sesamoid bone |
| long bone example | bones in arms and legs |
| short bone example | bones in wrist/ankle |
| flat bone example | ribs, sternum |
| irregular bone example | vertebrae, certain skull bones |
| sesamoid bone example | patella |
| develop when stress is put on tendons | sesamoid bones |
| makes red and white blood cells + platelets | red bone marrow |
| made mostly of triglycerides and adipocytes | yellow bone marrow |
| 65% minerals + hydroxyapatite crystals | inorganic matrix |
| osteoid with collagen, proteglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins, + bone-specific proteins | organic matrix |
| bone-building cells that perform bone deposition | osteoblasts |
| osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix in lacuna | osteocytes |
| means break down bone | osteoclasts |
| mean build bone | osteoblasts |
| multinucleated cells break down bone for remodeling | osteoclasts |
| dissolve components of inorganic matrix | hydrogen ions |
| break down organic matrix | enzymes |
| process of bone formation | ossification/osteogenesis |
| occurs within membrane | intramembranous ossifictaion |
| forms many flat bones | intramembranous ossification |
| occurs inside hyaline cartilage | endochondral ossification |
| forms long bones arms + legs | endochondral ossification |
| long bones develop by... | - chondrocytes swell -osteoblasts build bony collar for support - chondracytes die from lack of nutrients - bone builds to fill space |
| chondrocytes divide in epihyseal plate | longitudinal growth |
| can be recruited for bone growth | zone of reserve cartilage |
| zone of dividing chondrocytes | zone of proliferation |
| contains mature chondrocytes | zone of hypertrophy/maturation |
| dead chondrocytes + some calcified | zone of calcification |
| calcified chondrocytes + osteoblasts | zone of ossification |
| zones epiphyseal plate: close-far | - zone of reserve cartilage - zone of proliferation - zone of hypertrophy/maturation - zone of calcification |
| bones grow in width | appositional growth |
| new, round lamella are formed | appositional growth |
| osteoblasts put calcium into bloodstream | bone deposition |
| osteoclasts break down bone to reabsorb calcium | bone resorption |
| physical factors why bone remodel | - tension/stress + compression increase tissue in bone |
| hormonal factors why bone remodel | - testosterone/estrogen stimulate bone growth |
| dietary factors why bone remodel | - calcium ion - vitamin D -vitamin C - vitamin K - Protein |
| increase blood calcium ion levels | parathyroid hormone |
| increase osteoclast activity to relase calcium | parathyroid hormone |
| tells digestive system to absorb calcium in food | parathyroid |
| inhibits calcium in urine | parathyroid |
| Hormone decreasing calcium ion levels | calcitonin |
| Hormone that leads to bone deposition | calcitonin |
| Affects the absorption of calcium ions from the gut | Vitamin D |
Created by:
arenjustice
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