Enzymes
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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Help!
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| what is a protein molecule? | made up of long chains of amino acids
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| 4 functions of proteins? | act as structural components of tissues,
as hormones,
as antibodies,
and as catalysts
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| what is an enzyme? | biological catalyst
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| what is a catalyst? | something that increases the rate of a reaction without changing themselves
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| 2 factors that affect enzyme action? | temperature and pH
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| term for when enzyme no longer works? | denatured
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| why do enzymes denature? | conditions change, so active site no longer fits substrate
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| 2 enzymes that break down carbohydrates? | carbohydrase (in the gut) and amylase (in the mouth)
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| carbohydrate broke down to form? | sugars
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| enzyme that breaks down protein? | protease
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| protein breaks down to form? | amino acids
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| 3 places protease is formed? | stomach
pancreas
small intestine
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| enzyme that breaks down fat? | lipase
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| fat broken down into? | fatty acids and glycerol
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| lipase made in? | pancreas
small intestine
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| purpose of breaking down large food molecules? | small molecules easier to absorb into blood stream
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| optimum pH for stomach enzymes? | highly acidic - 1-3
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| acid in stomach? | Hydrochloric Acid
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| optimum pH for enzymes in small intestine? | alkaline
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| how is gastric juices neutralised when it reaches small intestine? | bile squirted on it
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| 2 functions of bile? | neutralises acids
emulsifies fats, giving greater surface area for lipase to act on
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| 2 enzymes used in biological detergents? | protease
lipase
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| advantage of biological detergent? | optimum temperature lower, so less energy needed
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| function of proteases in baby foods? | break down proteins, enabling easier digestion
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| one way carbohydrases used in industry? | break down starch to gain cheap sugars
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| enzyme used to change glucose syrup into fructose syrup? | isomerase
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| disadvantage of enzymes in industry? | denature easily
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| initial problem with biological detergents? | caused allergies
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| 3 ways enzymes are used in medicine? | to diagnose - detect enzymes that aren't supposed to be present in the blood if liver is leaking. to control - detect whether glucose is in urine as a result od diabetes. to cure - introduced into body if it isn't producing enough enzymes. some can
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Created by:
duane.humphreys
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