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B2.3
Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a protein molecule? | made up of long chains of amino acids |
| 4 functions of proteins? | act as structural components of tissues, as hormones, as antibodies, and as catalysts |
| what is an enzyme? | biological catalyst |
| what is a catalyst? | something that increases the rate of a reaction without changing themselves |
| 2 factors that affect enzyme action? | temperature and pH |
| term for when enzyme no longer works? | denatured |
| why do enzymes denature? | conditions change, so active site no longer fits substrate |
| 2 enzymes that break down carbohydrates? | carbohydrase (in the gut) and amylase (in the mouth) |
| carbohydrate broke down to form? | sugars |
| enzyme that breaks down protein? | protease |
| protein breaks down to form? | amino acids |
| 3 places protease is formed? | stomach pancreas small intestine |
| enzyme that breaks down fat? | lipase |
| fat broken down into? | fatty acids and glycerol |
| lipase made in? | pancreas small intestine |
| purpose of breaking down large food molecules? | small molecules easier to absorb into blood stream |
| optimum pH for stomach enzymes? | highly acidic - 1-3 |
| acid in stomach? | Hydrochloric Acid |
| optimum pH for enzymes in small intestine? | alkaline |
| how is gastric juices neutralised when it reaches small intestine? | bile squirted on it |
| 2 functions of bile? | neutralises acids emulsifies fats, giving greater surface area for lipase to act on |
| 2 enzymes used in biological detergents? | protease lipase |
| advantage of biological detergent? | optimum temperature lower, so less energy needed |
| function of proteases in baby foods? | break down proteins, enabling easier digestion |
| one way carbohydrases used in industry? | break down starch to gain cheap sugars |
| enzyme used to change glucose syrup into fructose syrup? | isomerase |
| disadvantage of enzymes in industry? | denature easily |
| initial problem with biological detergents? | caused allergies |
| 3 ways enzymes are used in medicine? | to diagnose - detect enzymes that aren't supposed to be present in the blood if liver is leaking. to control - detect whether glucose is in urine as a result od diabetes. to cure - introduced into body if it isn't producing enough enzymes. some can |
Created by:
duane.humphreys
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