Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Meiosis) and DNA Structure and Function
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Cell Cycle | A regular sequence of growth and division that cells go through; allows you to repair damaged and worn out cells, replace dead cells, and grow
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Interphase | The longest part of the cell cycle where the cell grows to its full size, DNA replicates, and the cell prepares to divide. The cell spends 90% of its life in Interphase
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Mitosis | The division of the nucleus; occurs in body cells. Broken into 4 phases (PMAT)
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Prophase | The first step of mitosis; chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane disappears, and the spindle fibers form. Prophase = chromosomes pair up
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Metaphase | The second step of mitosis; spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell,. Metaphase = middle
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Anaphase | The third step of mitosis; spindle fibers pull apart the chromatids. Anaphase = apart
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Telophase | The last part of mitosis; the nuclear membrane reforms, chromatids uncoil into chromatin. Telophase = two cells
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Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm, which begins during telophase.
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Chromosome | A tightly coiled form of DNA (X)
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Chromatid | 1/2 of a chromosome (1/2 of the X)
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Centromere | Holds the two chromatids together
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Centriole | Tubes that release spindle fibers that attach to the chromosomes during mitosis
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Adenine | A nucleotide that pairs with Thymine to make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.
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Thymine | A nucleotide that pairs with Adenine to make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder
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Guanine | A nucleotide that pairs with Cytosine to make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder
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Cytosine | A nucleotide that pairs with Guanine to make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder
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Karyotype | An image of the complete set of chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as an arrangement of homologous chromosomes in descending order of size
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Mutation | A change in gene or chromosome, which could have beneficial, neutral, or negative effects on the organism
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Gene mutation | A change in a gene; occurs in body cells and is not passed on to offspring.
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Chromosome mutation | A change in a chromosome; occurs during meiosis and is passed on to offspring
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