Bio Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell specialization | All organisms are composed of cells.. Specialized cells differ in structure (size, shape...) and function (the role they perform in the organism).
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| Nitrogenous bases | nitrogen containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base. They are particularly important since they make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil.
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| Osmosis- | process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
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| Independent assortment | formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes passage a one of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently of each other pair
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| Anaerobic respiration | type of respiration that does not use oxygen.glucose → lactic acid (+ energy released)
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| Aerobic respiration- | process in which glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen, releasing large amounts of ATP
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| Cell wall | rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria
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| Leucoplast | colorless organelle found in plant cells, used for the storage of starch or oil
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| Activation energy | minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
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| Solution | liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
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| Active transport | movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
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| Solvent | able to dissolve other substances
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| Crenation | process resulting from osmosis in which red blood cells, in a hypertonic solution, shrink and acquire a scalloped surface.
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| Genotype- | the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
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| Eukaryotes | organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes.
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| Cilia | short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure
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| Golgi Body | complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
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| Ribosome | minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
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| Magnification | action or process of magnifying something or being magnified, especially visually.
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| Resolution | which is the smallest separation at which two separate objects can be distinguished (or resolved)
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| Cytolysis | dissolution or disruption of cells, especially by an external agent.
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| Organelles- | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
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| Replication | process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.
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| Phenotype- | set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
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| Gametes | mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
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| Nucleus- | dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
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| Cytoskeleton | microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
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| Catalyst | substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
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| Homeostasis | tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
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| Hypothesis- | supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
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| Solute- | minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
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| Passive transport- | movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
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| Crossing over- | exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
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| Transcription | process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template
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| Cytoplasm- | material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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| Cell membrane | semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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| Nucleolus | small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
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| Matter | physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
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| Biology- | study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
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| Photosynthesis- | process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
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Created by:
evenesky
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