Vocab and other terms
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| Karyotype | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
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| Gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
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| Genome | the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.hgn
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| Mutation | a permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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| Homologous chromosome | a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement
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| Somatic cell | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
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| Diploid | (of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
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| Haploid | (of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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| Chiasmata | a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands.
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| Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
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| Poly genetics | of or relating to polygenesis; having more than one origin or source.
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| True-breeding | A plant is one that, when self-fertilized, only produces offspring with the same traits. The alleles for these type of plants are homozygous
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| Hybridization | to form a double-stranded nucleic acid of two single strands of DNA or RNA, or one of each, by allowing the base pairs of the separate strands to form complementary bonds.
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| The law of segregation | stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
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| Incomplete dominance | refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype.
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| Codominant | Relating to two alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote that are both fully expressed. When alleles for both white and red are present in a carnation, for example, the result is a pink carnation
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