OPT Musculoskeletal
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) | abnormal development of type I collagen; blue sclera and opalescent teeth
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| achondroplasia | impaired maturation of cartilage in growth plate; major cause of dwarfism
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| osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) | deficient osteoclast activity so defective bone remodeling and pancytopenia
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| osteoporosis | increased porosity of skeleton from reduced bone mass so fragile; related to reduced estrogens
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| Paget disease (osteitis deformans) | bursts of osteoclast resorption, osteoblast deposition and cellular exhaustion; net effect is a gain in bone mass but new bone is weak
-possibly due to a paramyxovirus
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| monostotic | Paget disease bone lesion confined to a single bone
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| polyostotic | Paget disease bone lesion in numerous bones
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| mosaic pattern | histological feature of Paget disease, loose interstitium that is very vascular
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| cotton-wool pattern | radiographic pattern of Paget disease, radiolucent and radiopaque areas
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| osteomyelitis | infection that spreads to medullary spaces of bone, often Staphylococcus aureus
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| acute suppurative osteomyelitis | type of osteomyelitis, treat by draining and giving antibiotics
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| chronic suppurative osteomyelitis | type of osteomyelitis, infection causing fibrosing reaction so treat by surgery and antibiotics
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| fibrous dysplasia | replacement of localized bone by proliferation of fibrous tissue and unorganized woven bone
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| monostotic fibrous dysplasia | involves single bone, begins in childhood and stops at puberty
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| polyostotic fibrous dysplasia without endocrine involvement (Jaffe syndrome) | multiple, unilateral bones affected;some cafe-au-lait pigmentation
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| polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in association with endocrinopathies (McCune-Albright syndrome) | melanin pigmentation of skin (cafe-au-lait), majority of bones affected unilaterally and hormone issues
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| Chinese characters | appearance of histological pattern in fibrous dysplasia; fibrous CT with intermixed woven bone
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| ground glass | radiographic appearance of ill-defined increased radiopacity
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| Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) | primary malignant small round cell tumors of bone and soft tissue; patients 10-15, arise in medullary cavity and produce expansile mass with onion-skin pattern
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| giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) | neoplasm of osteoclast-like giant cells with intermixed mononuclear mesodermal cells; most arise in epiphysis of long bones and cause local pain
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| metastatic disease | most common malignancies in bone from prostate, breast, kidney, and lung cancers; prostate metastasis can be radiopaque
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| osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) | most common joint disorder; degeneration of articular cartilage with bone changes occurring as a secondary effect, does not begin with inflammation but causes it
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| fibrillation | vertical fissures in cartilage cap in early stages of osteoarthritis
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| eburnation | when entire bone becomes exposed and is thick and polished
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| osteophytes | small bony outgrowths that cause more inflammation
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| Heberden nodes | nodular enlargement, especially in fingers of osteophytes in osteoarthritis
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| rheumatoid arthritis | systemic, chronic autoimmune disease that attacks the joints
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| pannus | inflammatory hyperplasia of synovial membrane; eventually fills the entire joint space
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| rheumatoid nodules | subcutaneous nodules in areas of mechanical pressure; necrotic collagen surrounded by granulomatous inflammation
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| rheumatoid factor | autoantibodies that attach to host's own IgG antibodies
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| gout | tissue accumulation of excessive amounts of uric acid that crystallizes
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| primary (idiopathic) gout | gout of unknown cause or an inborn metabolic issue
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| secondary gout | cause is known or gout is not the main disorder; often in chemo patients and renal failure
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| acute arthritis | precipitation of urate crystals in synovial fluid and membranes; in big toe and cooler joints
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| chronic arthritis | secondary to repeated acute attacks; crystals penetrate the bone and tissue and persist
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| tophus | deposit of urate crystals, diagnostic of gout
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| intercritical gout | asymptomatic period in between attacks
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| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disease of depletion of acetylcholine receptors; weakness, fatigue of muscles and thymic issues
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| ptosis | dropping of eyelids in myasthenia gravis
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| diplopia | double vision in myasthenia gravis
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| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | X-linked recessive disorder, absence of dystrophin (holds myocyte together)
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| pseudohypertrophy | replacement of lost muscle cells with fibrofatty tissue
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| fibrous tissue tumor | fibromatosis, fibrous histiocytoma
-fibrosarcoma
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| adipose tissue tumor | lipoma
-liposarcoma
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| striated muscle tumor | rhabdomyoma
-rhabdomyosarcoma
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| smooth muscle tumor | leiomyoma
-leiomyosarcoma
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| peripheral nerve tumor | neurofibroma, neurilemoma
-neurofibrosarcoma
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| blood vessel tumor | hemangioma
-angiosarcoma
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| lymphatic vessel tumor | lymphangioma
-lymphangiosarcoma
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| bone forming cell tumor | osteoma, osteoblastoma
-osteosarcoma
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| cartilage tumor | chrondroma
-chondrosarcoma
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| interstitial tumor | fibromatosis-fibrosarcoma
hemangioma-angiosarcoma
neurofibroma-neurosarcoma
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Created by:
aharnold
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