notes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| deducted the actual structure of DNA | James Watson and Francis Crick
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| the part of the DNA molecule that controls a particular trait | gene
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| protein spools in the DNA | histones
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| a structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity | chromosomes
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| groups of eight histones clustered together | muleosome
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| the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacterial are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA | chromatin
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| a nucleic acid present in all living cells and many viruses, consisting of a long, usually single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units, with one of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil bonded to each ribose molecule | ribonucleic acid
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| the coiled structure of a double-stranded DNA molecule in which strands linked by hydrogen bonds form a spiral configuration | double helix
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| a purine base, that is a fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA, in which it forms base pairs with cytosine | guanine
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| is an important part of DNA and RNA, where it is one of the nitrogenous bases coding the genetic information these molecules carry | cytosine
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| a purine base that is a component of DNA and RNA, forming a base pair with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA | adenine
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| a pyrimidine base, that is one of the principal components of DNA, in which it is paired with adenine | thymine
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| DNA and RNA are in the form of strands of molecules, a strand of DNA is composed of four nitrogenous bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosin, RNA is different from DNA because it does not have thymine, instead, it has a base known as | uracil
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| the process by which genetic material, a single-celled organism, or a virus reproduces or makes a copy of itself | replication
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| the movement of a chemical substance through a gradient of concentration or electrical potential in the direction opposite to normal diffusion, requiring the expenditure of energy | transportation
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| is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins | translation
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| is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template | reverse transcription
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| transcribed from the DNA of a gene, and from which a protein is translated by the action of ribosomes | messenger RNA
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| small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide | transfer RNA
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| a molecular component of a ribosome, the cell's essential protein factory | ribosomal RNA
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| is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis | codon
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| is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries, the code defines how sequences of nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis | genetic code
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| is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation | stop codons
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| is the first codon of a messenger RNA transcript translated by a ribosome | start codons
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| is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins | translation
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| is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually | cloning
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| a segment of a gene situated between exons that does not function in coding for protein synthesis | introns
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| is any part of a gene that will become a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing | exons
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| occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene | mutations
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