Biology chapter 30 fishes and amphibians
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| tadpole | fish-like larva of a frog or toad
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| nictating membrane | transparent, moveable membrane that covers the eyes if an amphibian
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| caecilians | highly specialized group of burrowing amphibians with small, bony embedded in their skin
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| swim bladder | gas-filled sac used by a bony fish to control buoyancy
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| lateral line | faint line of sense organs along the sides of a fish's body that detect vibrations in water
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| gill | respiratory structure in fish that contains many blood vessels that aid in the absorption of oxygen
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| gill slit | opening between gill arches through which water passes over the gills and out of the body
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| counter-current flow | type of flow where water flows in one direction over the gills and the blood flows in the opposite direction
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| operculum | hard plate that covers the gills of bony fishes
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| teleosts | ray-finned fishes that have a caudal fin, scales and a swim bladder
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| tympanic membrane | another name for the eardrum
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| lung | internal, bag-like organ where gas exchange takes place
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| septum | thick wall between the right and left chambers of the heart
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| pulmonary vein | vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
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| kidneys | organs that filter water and wastes from blood and excrete products as urine
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| List the 3 main traits of Agnatha | jaw-less, no backbone, retain notochord, small fins (if any)
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| Name 4 Key characteristics of fish | fins, kidneys, endoskeleton, closed-loop circulation
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| External Fertilization | Type of fertilization where the female deposits its eggs and the male fertilizes the eggs outside the female's body
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| List 4 characteristics of amphibians. | legs, lungs, double-loop circulation, cutaneous respiration, partially divided heart
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| List the 3 main groups of amphibians | salamanders, caecilians, frogs & toads
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| Name 3 kinds of fish that reproduce by using internal fertilization | sharks, skates, rays
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| List 3 traits of Chondrichthyes | paired fins, jaws, skeleton made of cartilage
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| List 3 characteristics of salamanders | long tail, elongated body, smooth, moist skin
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| List the 3 groups of modern fishes | Agnatha (jawless), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous), Osteichthyes (bony)
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