Anatomy & Pysiology Exam 3
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| Serves as the actual trigger for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin | Calcium ions
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| A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals | Acetylcholine
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| Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization | Sodium-potassium ions
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| That is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle? | Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
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| Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances? | Ca2+ and ATP
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| What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the _______ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur | latent
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| What produces the striation of a skeletal muscle? | the arrangement of myofilaments
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| Which of the following are composed of myosin? | thick filaments
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| During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? | actin filaments
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| What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? | a sarcomere
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| What is the functional role of the T tubules? | allows actin potential to travel from sarcolemma into sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| The muscle cell membrane is called the _____ | sarcolemma
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| Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ______ | secretion
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| Which of the following statements is true? | Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei
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| What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue? | the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy
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| ON PAPER
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| The muscle cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong | Absolute refractory period
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| The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions | Depolarization
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| The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the muscle fiber due to a change in membrane permeability | Repolarization
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| Also called a muscle stimulation transmitted by axons | Action potential
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| An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response | Relative refractory period
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| An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to a muscle fiber via the _____ | synapse
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| What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? | Destroy ACh o brief period after its release by the axon endings
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| Compare and contrast skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle | Skeletal- striated, voluntary
Cardiac- involuntary, striated, found in heart
Smooth- voluntary, not striated, hollow organs
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| A fibrous joint that is a peg in socket called a ____ joint | Gomphosis
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| Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to | provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
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| On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? | syndesmosis
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| Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _____ | bursae
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| Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ____ | amphiarthroses
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| _______ are cartilaginous joints | Synchondroses
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| Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ____ | hyperextension
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| In the classification of joints, which of the following are true? | All synovial joints are freely movable
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| Synarthrotic joints _____ | permit essentially no movement
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| Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about synovial fluid? | It contains hyaluronic acid
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| What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? | abduction
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| The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ____ | feet
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| Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis? | osteoarthritis
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| Pointing the toes is an example of ____ | plantar flexion
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| Tendon sheaths _____ | act as friction reducing structures
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