Chapter 9 study guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is Amniocentesis? | the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus.
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| When is Amniocentesis done? | after 14 weeks
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| Define allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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| True Breeding Dominant | AABB
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| True Breeding Recessive | aabb
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| Dominant | A
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| Recessive | a
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| Phenotypic ratio | 3:1 (dominant, recessive)
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| Genotypic ratio | 1:2:1 (capital, capital, lowercase)
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| Phenotype | trait expressed
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| Genotype | alleles
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| Mendel's Principle of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment | Segregation = separation
Independent = by themselves
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| Incomplete Dominance | one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype
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| Co-Dominance | a condition in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive
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| Polygenic | one of a group of nonallelic genes that together control a quantitative characteristic in an organism
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| Monohybrid | Tt - one letter
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| Dihybrid | TtDd - two letters
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| Sex-Linked | X^a Y crossed with X^A X^a
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| Gene Mapping | the process of determining where genes are located on individual chromosomes
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| Linked Genes | genes that are found near each other on the same chromosome
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| Blood Typing | the testing of a sample of blood to determine an individual's blood group
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| Epistasis | occurs when two or more different gene loci contribute to the same phenotype, but not additively
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| Epistatic | describes the relationship between the genes in epistasis
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| Recombination | the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms
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| Pleiotropy | occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits
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