Oceanography Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Divergent Boundries | Places where tectonic plates move apart
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| AOB is growing and POB is shrinking | Compare Atlantic Ocean Basin to Pacific Ocean Basin
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| Rift valley | Results from divergence of continental crust
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| Divergent Boundry | Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of __________.
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| Subducted | When oceanic crust converges with continental crust the oceanic crust is __________.
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| Black Smoker | Hydrothermal vents emitting water at greater than 350 degrees Cel. rich in dark metallic sulfides
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| Mid-Ocean Ridge | World's longest under water chain
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| Fossils, rock formations, and coastlines | Wegner based his teory of continental drift on this...
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| Marinas Trench | The deepest point in the ocean
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| Open field, where nothing can fall on you | The safest place to go during an earthquake
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| Radioactivity from the mantle | The origin of the heat from convection within the Earth.
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| Less dense than the oceanic crust | Reason why the continental crust floats higher in the mantle than the oceanic crust.
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| Composed of mantle material below the lithosphere | Composition of the asthenosphere
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| Secondary waves | Type of seismic wave that can only travel through solid
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| Sea Satellite | Used to see cross sectional views of the underwater land features
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| Mid-Ocean Ridge is spreading in the center, is the largest mountain chain, and the oldest mountain chain | Three things about the Mid-Ocean Ridge
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| Fecal pellets from marine animals | Increases the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean
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| Hydrogenous | Term for sediments that are produced as a result of chemical reaction in seawater.
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| Drilling | Method most often used to investigate sediment and rock layers below seafloor.
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| Island | Term for a seamount that breaks the water's surface.
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| Atlantic type margin and a passive margin | Name for continental margin with no recent seismic activity
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| Shelf, slope, and rise | Composition of the continental margin.
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| Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll | Order of development of reefs from the earliest to the latest
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| Calcium carbonate | Composition of foraminifera
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| Erosion by turbidity currents | What most likely formed submarine canyons
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| Hydrogen bonding and surface tension | Chemical property of water and/or physical characteristic that causes solid objects to stay supported on network of H2O molecules.
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| Pycnocline | When density changes rapidly with a corresponding change in depth
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| Heat capacity | Term that measures the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance 1 degree C.
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| A decrease in salinity and increase in temperature | Causes seawater's density to decrease
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| 7.8 -- 8.3 | Standard pH for ocean water
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| Shadow Zone | Region where very little sound energy penetrates
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| Blue | Color of light that moves farthest through seawater
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| Colligative properties | Properties that change with salinity
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| A buffer | Substance that acts to stabilize the pH of any given substance
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| Percipitation | Process where water vapor condenses into liquid water
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| Electrical conductivity | Method for measuring salinity and total dissolved solids by measuring how well a current of electrons moves through the solution.
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| Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be fixed into useful chemical forms by specialized organisms in order to be used by animals.
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| Surface tension | What property allows some insects to glide across the water
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| Horse latitude | The weakest winds.
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| Low pressure cells | The kind of pressure cells that build up during hurricanes
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| Upwelling | When cold, nutrient rich water moves from ocean depths to the surface
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| Antarctica, Ellesmere Island, and Greenland | Where large glaciers are found
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| Typhoons | What hurricanes are caused by in the Pacific and Indian Ocean
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| Trade winds | Type of winds that are found between the zone of the equator and 30 degrees lat.
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| Pack, polar, and fast ice | Three types of sea ice
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| Westerlies | Type of winds that are found between the zone of 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude.
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| Respiration | Process that burning fossil fuels are chemically similar to
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| El Nino | What happens when trade winds in the Pacific basin weakens
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| Kyoto Protocol | Agreement 60 nations signed to limit greenhouse gas emissions
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| Wet and warm | What maritime tropical air mass is like
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| Trade winds | Strongest winds on earth
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| Right | Direction winds veer in Northern Hemisphere due to Coriolis effect
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| Speed = wavelength/period | Formula for wave speed
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| one high and one low tides | Type of tides in area with diurnal tides
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| Wind direction, fetch, and wind speed | What the height of a wave depends on...
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| Orbital waves | Type of waves that are water waves
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| Constructive makes large waves and destructive makes small waves | Type of waves that constructive interference causes verses type destructive inference causes
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| Neap tide | Type of tides during the time of half moon in November
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| 1/2 the wavelength | What a deep water wave must be deeper than
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| Beach, dunes, shrubs, forest, marsh, tidal flats, sound | Order of environment seen walking from ocean landward across barrier island.
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| Period = Time/Rate | Formula for period of water waves
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| Speed = length/period | Formula for speed of water waves
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| Frequency = waves/time | Formula for frequency of water waves
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| fetch | Uninterrupted distance over which wind blows without much changing in direction.
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| Steepness | Ratio of wave height to the wavelength
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| Terrestrial has largest biomass tonnage and marine has the faster turnover time | Environment that produces greater biomass tonnage and environment that has fastest turnover time
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| Chemosynthesis | Process that doesn't require light to create energy
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| Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be "fixed" to be useful chemical form
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| Ectothermic | Term that refers to cold blooded animals
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| Stenohaline for narrow tolerance for salinity. Eurythermal for broad range of temperatures | Terms used to describe the following organism: Narrow tolerance for change in salinity but can adapt to a wide range of temperatures
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| Mutualistic relationship | when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship.
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| Sessile | Term for an organism that permanently attaches itself to the substrate
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| Species Specific Relationship | Name for exclusive symbiotic relationship that develops between two different species.
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| Trophic pyramid | Shows description of feeding relationships and how they impact each other
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| Metabolic rate | Rat at which energy-releasing reactions proceed within an organism
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| Complex interaction with species and wide variety of species | What high biodiversity within a community indicates
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| Between high and low tides | Where you would find intertidal zones
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| N2 + 4H2 --> 2NH3 + H2 | Formula for ammonification of nitrogen
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| No hair and no external ears | Two things marine animals lack that help them become good swimmers
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| Jet propulsion | What a nautilus uses for movement
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| Flexible ribs | Prevents many marine animals from getting the bends when they dive
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| High tide ONLY | Tide the California grunion comes ashore to breed
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| Inferior with mouth down-turned or on the bottom of head | Shape of mouth grazers of bottom dwelling scavengers have
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| Caudal | Fins used for moving fast in the ocean
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| Anadromous | Type of fish that spawns in freshwater but lives mostly in the ocean
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| Oviparous | Type of fish that lay eggs
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| Skin is so sensitive; could not survive in salt water | Reason amphibians (frogs, salamanders, etc.) do NOT live in the ocean
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| Solar energy | Most common alternative energy
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| 12 miles | Distance from shore the UN designated as territorial waters
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| Boat propellers | Linked to deaths of manatees
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| By catch or by kill | Terms of an animal that is caught by accident but killed on purpose
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| Aquaculture | Term for raising and breeding fish for commercial use
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| TED (Turtle excluder device) | Term of a by-catch reduction invention that lowers risk of turtles being accidentally caught.
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| Winter beaches are more narrower because of the greater wave action in winter | How summer and winter beaches compare
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| Influence climate of India, caused by seasonal shifts of prevailing winds, and can bring large amounts of water causing floods | Three characteristics of Monsoons
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| Shipping of oil | Largest source of ocean oil pollution
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| Exon Valdez in 1989 and BP Gulf Sill in 2010 | Name of one of the largest oil spills in America off coast of Alaska in 1989 and name of the second largest oil spill in world that happened in 2010.
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