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Oceanography Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Divergent Boundries | Places where tectonic plates move apart |
| AOB is growing and POB is shrinking | Compare Atlantic Ocean Basin to Pacific Ocean Basin |
| Rift valley | Results from divergence of continental crust |
| Divergent Boundry | Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of __________. |
| Subducted | When oceanic crust converges with continental crust the oceanic crust is __________. |
| Black Smoker | Hydrothermal vents emitting water at greater than 350 degrees Cel. rich in dark metallic sulfides |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | World's longest under water chain |
| Fossils, rock formations, and coastlines | Wegner based his teory of continental drift on this... |
| Marinas Trench | The deepest point in the ocean |
| Open field, where nothing can fall on you | The safest place to go during an earthquake |
| Radioactivity from the mantle | The origin of the heat from convection within the Earth. |
| Less dense than the oceanic crust | Reason why the continental crust floats higher in the mantle than the oceanic crust. |
| Composed of mantle material below the lithosphere | Composition of the asthenosphere |
| Secondary waves | Type of seismic wave that can only travel through solid |
| Sea Satellite | Used to see cross sectional views of the underwater land features |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge is spreading in the center, is the largest mountain chain, and the oldest mountain chain | Three things about the Mid-Ocean Ridge |
| Fecal pellets from marine animals | Increases the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean |
| Hydrogenous | Term for sediments that are produced as a result of chemical reaction in seawater. |
| Drilling | Method most often used to investigate sediment and rock layers below seafloor. |
| Island | Term for a seamount that breaks the water's surface. |
| Atlantic type margin and a passive margin | Name for continental margin with no recent seismic activity |
| Shelf, slope, and rise | Composition of the continental margin. |
| Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll | Order of development of reefs from the earliest to the latest |
| Calcium carbonate | Composition of foraminifera |
| Erosion by turbidity currents | What most likely formed submarine canyons |
| Hydrogen bonding and surface tension | Chemical property of water and/or physical characteristic that causes solid objects to stay supported on network of H2O molecules. |
| Pycnocline | When density changes rapidly with a corresponding change in depth |
| Heat capacity | Term that measures the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance 1 degree C. |
| A decrease in salinity and increase in temperature | Causes seawater's density to decrease |
| 7.8 -- 8.3 | Standard pH for ocean water |
| Shadow Zone | Region where very little sound energy penetrates |
| Blue | Color of light that moves farthest through seawater |
| Colligative properties | Properties that change with salinity |
| A buffer | Substance that acts to stabilize the pH of any given substance |
| Percipitation | Process where water vapor condenses into liquid water |
| Electrical conductivity | Method for measuring salinity and total dissolved solids by measuring how well a current of electrons moves through the solution. |
| Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be fixed into useful chemical forms by specialized organisms in order to be used by animals. |
| Surface tension | What property allows some insects to glide across the water |
| Horse latitude | The weakest winds. |
| Low pressure cells | The kind of pressure cells that build up during hurricanes |
| Upwelling | When cold, nutrient rich water moves from ocean depths to the surface |
| Antarctica, Ellesmere Island, and Greenland | Where large glaciers are found |
| Typhoons | What hurricanes are caused by in the Pacific and Indian Ocean |
| Trade winds | Type of winds that are found between the zone of the equator and 30 degrees lat. |
| Pack, polar, and fast ice | Three types of sea ice |
| Westerlies | Type of winds that are found between the zone of 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude. |
| Respiration | Process that burning fossil fuels are chemically similar to |
| El Nino | What happens when trade winds in the Pacific basin weakens |
| Kyoto Protocol | Agreement 60 nations signed to limit greenhouse gas emissions |
| Wet and warm | What maritime tropical air mass is like |
| Trade winds | Strongest winds on earth |
| Right | Direction winds veer in Northern Hemisphere due to Coriolis effect |
| Speed = wavelength/period | Formula for wave speed |
| one high and one low tides | Type of tides in area with diurnal tides |
| Wind direction, fetch, and wind speed | What the height of a wave depends on... |
| Orbital waves | Type of waves that are water waves |
| Constructive makes large waves and destructive makes small waves | Type of waves that constructive interference causes verses type destructive inference causes |
| Neap tide | Type of tides during the time of half moon in November |
| 1/2 the wavelength | What a deep water wave must be deeper than |
| Beach, dunes, shrubs, forest, marsh, tidal flats, sound | Order of environment seen walking from ocean landward across barrier island. |
| Period = Time/Rate | Formula for period of water waves |
| Speed = length/period | Formula for speed of water waves |
| Frequency = waves/time | Formula for frequency of water waves |
| fetch | Uninterrupted distance over which wind blows without much changing in direction. |
| Steepness | Ratio of wave height to the wavelength |
| Terrestrial has largest biomass tonnage and marine has the faster turnover time | Environment that produces greater biomass tonnage and environment that has fastest turnover time |
| Chemosynthesis | Process that doesn't require light to create energy |
| Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be "fixed" to be useful chemical form |
| Ectothermic | Term that refers to cold blooded animals |
| Stenohaline for narrow tolerance for salinity. Eurythermal for broad range of temperatures | Terms used to describe the following organism: Narrow tolerance for change in salinity but can adapt to a wide range of temperatures |
| Mutualistic relationship | when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship. |
| Sessile | Term for an organism that permanently attaches itself to the substrate |
| Species Specific Relationship | Name for exclusive symbiotic relationship that develops between two different species. |
| Trophic pyramid | Shows description of feeding relationships and how they impact each other |
| Metabolic rate | Rat at which energy-releasing reactions proceed within an organism |
| Complex interaction with species and wide variety of species | What high biodiversity within a community indicates |
| Between high and low tides | Where you would find intertidal zones |
| N2 + 4H2 --> 2NH3 + H2 | Formula for ammonification of nitrogen |
| No hair and no external ears | Two things marine animals lack that help them become good swimmers |
| Jet propulsion | What a nautilus uses for movement |
| Flexible ribs | Prevents many marine animals from getting the bends when they dive |
| High tide ONLY | Tide the California grunion comes ashore to breed |
| Inferior with mouth down-turned or on the bottom of head | Shape of mouth grazers of bottom dwelling scavengers have |
| Caudal | Fins used for moving fast in the ocean |
| Anadromous | Type of fish that spawns in freshwater but lives mostly in the ocean |
| Oviparous | Type of fish that lay eggs |
| Skin is so sensitive; could not survive in salt water | Reason amphibians (frogs, salamanders, etc.) do NOT live in the ocean |
| Solar energy | Most common alternative energy |
| 12 miles | Distance from shore the UN designated as territorial waters |
| Boat propellers | Linked to deaths of manatees |
| By catch or by kill | Terms of an animal that is caught by accident but killed on purpose |
| Aquaculture | Term for raising and breeding fish for commercial use |
| TED (Turtle excluder device) | Term of a by-catch reduction invention that lowers risk of turtles being accidentally caught. |
| Winter beaches are more narrower because of the greater wave action in winter | How summer and winter beaches compare |
| Influence climate of India, caused by seasonal shifts of prevailing winds, and can bring large amounts of water causing floods | Three characteristics of Monsoons |
| Shipping of oil | Largest source of ocean oil pollution |
| Exon Valdez in 1989 and BP Gulf Sill in 2010 | Name of one of the largest oil spills in America off coast of Alaska in 1989 and name of the second largest oil spill in world that happened in 2010. |
Created by:
dlimbach
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