Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
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| Promote the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine | Cholinergic drugs
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| Two classes of Cholinergic drugs | Cholinergic Agonists and Anticholinesterase drugs
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| These drugs work by stimulating cholinergic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine | Cholinergic Agonists drugs
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| These drugs produce their effects by inhibiting acetylcholinestrase which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine. As a result, acetylcholine begins to accumulate and it's effects are prolonged. | Anticholinesterase drugs
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are usually administered via | Topically with eye drops, orally, or Sub Q
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| A drug overdose resulting in extreme muscle weakness and possible paralysis of the muscles used in respiration. | Cholinergic Crisis
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| These to routes of administration are rarely used when administering Cholinergic agonists because they're almost immediately broken down by cholinesterase in the interstitial spaces between tissues and inside blood vessels. | IM and IV
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs reach peak levels within how many hours? | 2
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| Cholinergic Agonists drug absorption is ________________ by food intake | Decreased
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are metabolized by cholinestrase in which 4 areas? | 1. muscarinic receptor sites
2. nicotinic receptor sites
3. plasma
4. Liver
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are excreted by the ______________ | Kidney
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs __________________ the production of saliva | Stimulate
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs ____________________ heart rate. | decrease
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _________________ blood vessels. | dilate
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs ______________ pulmonary bronchioles. | constrict
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _______________ activity of the GI tract. | increase
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _______________ tone and contraction of the bladder. | increase
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs cause _______________ of the pupils | constriction
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| Side effects of Cholinergic Agonists drugs | nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea and blurred vision
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| Before giving Cholinergic Agonists drugs, check for disorders such as ________________ that may be aggravated by these drugs. | Alzheimer's
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| Cholinergic Agonists drugs should be taken on an ____________ stomach to lessen nausea and vomiting | empty
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| ____________ Anticholinesterase drugs have a short duration of action | Reversible
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| _____________Anticholinesterase drugs have long-lasting effects and are used primarily as toxic insecticides | Irreversable
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| ___________ drugs can be used as an antidote for anticholinergic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, belladonna alkaloids, and opiods | Anticholinesterase
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| Extreme muscle weakness and severe respiratory difficulties | Myasthenic crisis
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| ______________ can be used to distinguish the difference between a toxic drug effect and myasthenic crisis. | Edrophonium
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| When Edrophonium is used, suction equipment, O2, mechanical ventilation, and emergency atropine must be readily available in case __________ crisis occurs. | cholinergic
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| __________ drugs/ cholinergic blockers; interrupt parasympathetic nerve impulses in the CNS and ANS. | Anticholinergic
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| Anticholinergic drugs prevent __________________ from stimulating cholinergic receptors. | acetylcholine
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| Anticholinergic drugs only block the ___________ receptor sites. | muscarinic
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| Atropine, homatropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine are ______________ ______________ | belladonna alkaloids
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| Glycopyrrolate and methscopolamine are ________________ derivatives of belladonna alkaloids. | synthetic
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| Newer synthetic drugs such as benztropine, dicyclomine, and oxybutynin have __________ side effects. | fewer
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| All _____________________ drugs are used to treat spastic or hyperactive conditions of the GI and urinary tracts because they relax muscles and decrease GI secretions | anticholinergic
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| Atropine ____________ heart rate. | increases
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| Antidyskinetics, antiemetics, antipsychotics, cyclobenzaprine, disopyramide, orphenadrine, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants all ___________ the effects of anticholinergic drugs. | increase
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| Anticholinesterase and cholinergic agonist _____________ the effects of anticholinergic drugs. | decrease
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| The risk of digoxin toxicity ________ with the use of anticholinergic drugs. | increases
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| Anticholinergic drugs are ________________________ in patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, prostatic hyperplasia, reflux esophagitis, or GI obstructive disease. | contraindicated
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| _________________ drugs are also called sympathomimetic drugs because they produce effects similar to those produced by the sympathetic nervous system. | Adrenergic
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| Adrenergic drugs are classified into two groups based on their chemical structure _______________ and _______________. | catecholamines and noncatecholamines
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| ____________ cannot be taken orally because they're destroyed by digestive enzymes. | catecholamines
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| Catecholamines __________ peripheral blood vessels. | constrict
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| Catecholamines ____________ heart rate. | increases
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| Catecholamines __________ the bronchi. | dilate
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| Common catecholamines include: | dobutamine, dopmine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol HCL
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| Catecholamines cause heart rate and blood pressure to _____________. | increase
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| ___________ produces abnormal heart rhythms such as premature ventricular contractions and fibrillation. | Epinephrine
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| Catecholamines that stimulate _______-_____________ receptors are used to treat low blood pressure caused by loss of vasomotor tone and blood loss. | alpha-adrenergic
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| Catecholamines that stimulate _______-_____________ receptors are used to treat bradycardia, heart block, and low cardiac output | beta-adrenergic
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| Because it is believed that Beta-adrenergic blockers make the heart more responsive to defibrillation, they are used to treat ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest and ________. | asystole
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| Catecholamines that exert _______ __-_____________ activity are used to treat acute and chronic bronchial asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and allergic reactions to drugs. | beta2-adrenergic
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| Catecholamine epinephrine may cause _____________ in diabetic patients. | hyperglycemia
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| ____________ antidepressants used with catecholamines can lead to hypertension. | Tricyclic
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| ____________ ______________ should be given before catecholamines. | Cardiac glycosides
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| Catecholamines ________ be administered in the same IV line as other drugs. | should not
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| Albuterol, ephedrine, and terbutiline are all examples of ____________________. | Noncatecholamines
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| Noncatecholamines cause local or systemic __________ of blood vessels. | constriction
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| Noncatecholamines cause nasal and eye decongestion and _______________ of the bronchioles. | dilation
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| Turbutaline causes smooth muscle _____________. | relaxtion
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| MAO inhibitors taken with Noncatecholamines can cause severe HTN and even _________. | death
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