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ANS Drugs
Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Promote the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine | Cholinergic drugs |
| Two classes of Cholinergic drugs | Cholinergic Agonists and Anticholinesterase drugs |
| These drugs work by stimulating cholinergic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine | Cholinergic Agonists drugs |
| These drugs produce their effects by inhibiting acetylcholinestrase which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine. As a result, acetylcholine begins to accumulate and it's effects are prolonged. | Anticholinesterase drugs |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are usually administered via | Topically with eye drops, orally, or Sub Q |
| A drug overdose resulting in extreme muscle weakness and possible paralysis of the muscles used in respiration. | Cholinergic Crisis |
| These to routes of administration are rarely used when administering Cholinergic agonists because they're almost immediately broken down by cholinesterase in the interstitial spaces between tissues and inside blood vessels. | IM and IV |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs reach peak levels within how many hours? | 2 |
| Cholinergic Agonists drug absorption is ________________ by food intake | Decreased |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are metabolized by cholinestrase in which 4 areas? | 1. muscarinic receptor sites 2. nicotinic receptor sites 3. plasma 4. Liver |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs are excreted by the ______________ | Kidney |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs __________________ the production of saliva | Stimulate |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs ____________________ heart rate. | decrease |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _________________ blood vessels. | dilate |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs ______________ pulmonary bronchioles. | constrict |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _______________ activity of the GI tract. | increase |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs _______________ tone and contraction of the bladder. | increase |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs cause _______________ of the pupils | constriction |
| Side effects of Cholinergic Agonists drugs | nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea and blurred vision |
| Before giving Cholinergic Agonists drugs, check for disorders such as ________________ that may be aggravated by these drugs. | Alzheimer's |
| Cholinergic Agonists drugs should be taken on an ____________ stomach to lessen nausea and vomiting | empty |
| ____________ Anticholinesterase drugs have a short duration of action | Reversible |
| _____________Anticholinesterase drugs have long-lasting effects and are used primarily as toxic insecticides | Irreversable |
| ___________ drugs can be used as an antidote for anticholinergic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, belladonna alkaloids, and opiods | Anticholinesterase |
| Extreme muscle weakness and severe respiratory difficulties | Myasthenic crisis |
| ______________ can be used to distinguish the difference between a toxic drug effect and myasthenic crisis. | Edrophonium |
| When Edrophonium is used, suction equipment, O2, mechanical ventilation, and emergency atropine must be readily available in case __________ crisis occurs. | cholinergic |
| __________ drugs/ cholinergic blockers; interrupt parasympathetic nerve impulses in the CNS and ANS. | Anticholinergic |
| Anticholinergic drugs prevent __________________ from stimulating cholinergic receptors. | acetylcholine |
| Anticholinergic drugs only block the ___________ receptor sites. | muscarinic |
| Atropine, homatropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine are ______________ ______________ | belladonna alkaloids |
| Glycopyrrolate and methscopolamine are ________________ derivatives of belladonna alkaloids. | synthetic |
| Newer synthetic drugs such as benztropine, dicyclomine, and oxybutynin have __________ side effects. | fewer |
| All _____________________ drugs are used to treat spastic or hyperactive conditions of the GI and urinary tracts because they relax muscles and decrease GI secretions | anticholinergic |
| Atropine ____________ heart rate. | increases |
| Antidyskinetics, antiemetics, antipsychotics, cyclobenzaprine, disopyramide, orphenadrine, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants all ___________ the effects of anticholinergic drugs. | increase |
| Anticholinesterase and cholinergic agonist _____________ the effects of anticholinergic drugs. | decrease |
| The risk of digoxin toxicity ________ with the use of anticholinergic drugs. | increases |
| Anticholinergic drugs are ________________________ in patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, prostatic hyperplasia, reflux esophagitis, or GI obstructive disease. | contraindicated |
| _________________ drugs are also called sympathomimetic drugs because they produce effects similar to those produced by the sympathetic nervous system. | Adrenergic |
| Adrenergic drugs are classified into two groups based on their chemical structure _______________ and _______________. | catecholamines and noncatecholamines |
| ____________ cannot be taken orally because they're destroyed by digestive enzymes. | catecholamines |
| Catecholamines __________ peripheral blood vessels. | constrict |
| Catecholamines ____________ heart rate. | increases |
| Catecholamines __________ the bronchi. | dilate |
| Common catecholamines include: | dobutamine, dopmine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol HCL |
| Catecholamines cause heart rate and blood pressure to _____________. | increase |
| ___________ produces abnormal heart rhythms such as premature ventricular contractions and fibrillation. | Epinephrine |
| Catecholamines that stimulate _______-_____________ receptors are used to treat low blood pressure caused by loss of vasomotor tone and blood loss. | alpha-adrenergic |
| Catecholamines that stimulate _______-_____________ receptors are used to treat bradycardia, heart block, and low cardiac output | beta-adrenergic |
| Because it is believed that Beta-adrenergic blockers make the heart more responsive to defibrillation, they are used to treat ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest and ________. | asystole |
| Catecholamines that exert _______ __-_____________ activity are used to treat acute and chronic bronchial asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and allergic reactions to drugs. | beta2-adrenergic |
| Catecholamine epinephrine may cause _____________ in diabetic patients. | hyperglycemia |
| ____________ antidepressants used with catecholamines can lead to hypertension. | Tricyclic |
| ____________ ______________ should be given before catecholamines. | Cardiac glycosides |
| Catecholamines ________ be administered in the same IV line as other drugs. | should not |
| Albuterol, ephedrine, and terbutiline are all examples of ____________________. | Noncatecholamines |
| Noncatecholamines cause local or systemic __________ of blood vessels. | constriction |
| Noncatecholamines cause nasal and eye decongestion and _______________ of the bronchioles. | dilation |
| Turbutaline causes smooth muscle _____________. | relaxtion |
| MAO inhibitors taken with Noncatecholamines can cause severe HTN and even _________. | death |
Created by:
Cherriemd
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