Plants Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Autotroph | Provide / make their own food for energy through photosynthesis
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| Stimulus | A change in the enviornment that makes a living thing react; for example: light, gravity, touch, water, and temperature
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| Response | Reaction to a stimulus
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| Reproduction | The ability of an organism to produce more organisms / offspring of the same kind
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| Asexual Reproduction | The kind of reproduction from a part of a single living thing (needing one parent part)
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| Sexual Reproduction | The kind of reproduction that results from the union of an egg and a sperm (needing 2 parents)
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| Egg | A female reproductive cell; contained in the ovule of the flower
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| Sperm | A male reproductive cell; contained in the pollen of the flower
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| Taxonomy | A system of categorizing organisms based on shared observable characteristics
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| Kingdom | The broadest level of classification / taxonomy; the 5 kingdom system is widely accepted
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| Genus | A classification of closely related organisms
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| Phylum | The first further classification of a kingdom; sometimes referred to as divisions in the plant kingdom
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| Species | The smallest classification group; all organisms can produce offspring of the same kind
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| Scientific Name | The name of an organism made up of its genus and species
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| Nonvascular Plants | Plants without vessels to carry water, minerals, and food
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| Vascular Plants | Plants with tube-like vessels that carry water, minerals, and food throughout the plant
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| Xylem | Transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant
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| Phloem | Transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant
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| Seed-Producing Plant | Plants that reproduce through seeds; may be cone-bearing or flowering plants
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| Seed | Plant part that contains the embryo (the beginnings of roots, stem, leaves), stored food (cotyledons), and seed coat from which new plant grows
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| Spore-Producing Plants | Plants that reproduce through spores, such as ferns and mosses
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| Spore | A single cell that grows into a new plant; the tiny reproductive cells in mosses and ferns
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| Cone-Bearing Plants | Trees or shrubs that produce seeds in cones; most are evergreen plants
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| Flowering- Plants | The variety of plants that grow seeds inside flowers; the flower may become a fruit
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| Monocot | The plant seed has one food part; the plant has identifying structures
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| Dicot | The plant seed has 2 food parts; the plant has identifying structures
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| Thorn | Sharp outgrowths from the plant stem that help defend the plant
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| Thigmostropism | The response by leaves to close when touched
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| Plant Poison | Chemical substances designed to discourage animals from eating them
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| Leaf | The part of the plant that collects sunlight and makes food
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| Stem | The part of the plant that supports the plant, stores food, allows for movement of materials through vessels
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| Root | The part of the plant that anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs water and minerals, and stores food
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| Root Hairs | Extensions along the roots that increase the root surface area
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| Flower | Part of a seed-producing plant that produces seeds
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| Petals | The kind of brightly colored leaves inside the sepals that surround the reproductive organs, protecting and providing a places for visiting insects
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| Stamen | The male part of the plant
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| Anther | The thick part on top of the stamen where pollen grains form
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| Pollen | The small, male reproductive body of a flowering, seed plant that contains the sperm (male reproductive cells)
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| Filament | The slender stalk part of the stamen
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| Pistil | The female reproductive organ in a plant
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| Stigma | The part of the flower on which a pollen grain must stick in order for fertilization to take place; part of the pistil (top part) where pollen lands
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| Style | Stalk-like part of the pistil (middle part) that connects the stigma and ovary
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| Ovary | Contains the eggs in the plant's female reproductive organs; the part of the flower in which eggs develop
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| Ovule | The part of the ovary that develops into a seed after fertilization
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| Pollination | The process by which of pollen grains transfer from the stamen to the stigma
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| Fertilization | When pollen from the stamen enters the ovule in the ovary of the flower
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| Germination | The growth of an embryo; the early stage of seed growth
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| Vegetative Propagation | The process of growing new plants from plant parts (tubers, bulbs, runners, cuttings, roots, and leaves)
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| Photosynthesis | The process in which plants use chlorophyll and light to make sugar/food and oxygen
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| Chloroplasts | Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll
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| Chlorophyll | A green substance in plants that absorbs the light from the sun, so that the plant can carry on photosynthesis
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| Respiration | The process by which sugar/food is broken down when combined with oxygen from the air
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| Transpiration | The loss of water vapor through the stomata of a leaf
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| Guard Cells | The pair of specialized cells that boarder a stoma
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| Stomata | Specialized pores in plant leaves that enable gas exchanges to occur
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| Dormancy | An inactive period of time when the plant or seed responds to harsh conditions
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| Tropism | A response of a plant to its environment that involves growth / movement
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| Phototropism | Plant growing toward light
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| Gravitropism | Plant roods growing downward
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| Hyrdrotropism | Plant growth toward water
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| Thigmotropism | Plant movement in response to touch
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| Fungi | A kingdom of organisms that do not contain chlorophyll (for example: yeast, mushrooms, and molds) and cannot make their own food
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