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Plants Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autotroph | Provide / make their own food for energy through photosynthesis |
| Stimulus | A change in the enviornment that makes a living thing react; for example: light, gravity, touch, water, and temperature |
| Response | Reaction to a stimulus |
| Reproduction | The ability of an organism to produce more organisms / offspring of the same kind |
| Asexual Reproduction | The kind of reproduction from a part of a single living thing (needing one parent part) |
| Sexual Reproduction | The kind of reproduction that results from the union of an egg and a sperm (needing 2 parents) |
| Egg | A female reproductive cell; contained in the ovule of the flower |
| Sperm | A male reproductive cell; contained in the pollen of the flower |
| Taxonomy | A system of categorizing organisms based on shared observable characteristics |
| Kingdom | The broadest level of classification / taxonomy; the 5 kingdom system is widely accepted |
| Genus | A classification of closely related organisms |
| Phylum | The first further classification of a kingdom; sometimes referred to as divisions in the plant kingdom |
| Species | The smallest classification group; all organisms can produce offspring of the same kind |
| Scientific Name | The name of an organism made up of its genus and species |
| Nonvascular Plants | Plants without vessels to carry water, minerals, and food |
| Vascular Plants | Plants with tube-like vessels that carry water, minerals, and food throughout the plant |
| Xylem | Transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant |
| Phloem | Transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant |
| Seed-Producing Plant | Plants that reproduce through seeds; may be cone-bearing or flowering plants |
| Seed | Plant part that contains the embryo (the beginnings of roots, stem, leaves), stored food (cotyledons), and seed coat from which new plant grows |
| Spore-Producing Plants | Plants that reproduce through spores, such as ferns and mosses |
| Spore | A single cell that grows into a new plant; the tiny reproductive cells in mosses and ferns |
| Cone-Bearing Plants | Trees or shrubs that produce seeds in cones; most are evergreen plants |
| Flowering- Plants | The variety of plants that grow seeds inside flowers; the flower may become a fruit |
| Monocot | The plant seed has one food part; the plant has identifying structures |
| Dicot | The plant seed has 2 food parts; the plant has identifying structures |
| Thorn | Sharp outgrowths from the plant stem that help defend the plant |
| Thigmostropism | The response by leaves to close when touched |
| Plant Poison | Chemical substances designed to discourage animals from eating them |
| Leaf | The part of the plant that collects sunlight and makes food |
| Stem | The part of the plant that supports the plant, stores food, allows for movement of materials through vessels |
| Root | The part of the plant that anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs water and minerals, and stores food |
| Root Hairs | Extensions along the roots that increase the root surface area |
| Flower | Part of a seed-producing plant that produces seeds |
| Petals | The kind of brightly colored leaves inside the sepals that surround the reproductive organs, protecting and providing a places for visiting insects |
| Stamen | The male part of the plant |
| Anther | The thick part on top of the stamen where pollen grains form |
| Pollen | The small, male reproductive body of a flowering, seed plant that contains the sperm (male reproductive cells) |
| Filament | The slender stalk part of the stamen |
| Pistil | The female reproductive organ in a plant |
| Stigma | The part of the flower on which a pollen grain must stick in order for fertilization to take place; part of the pistil (top part) where pollen lands |
| Style | Stalk-like part of the pistil (middle part) that connects the stigma and ovary |
| Ovary | Contains the eggs in the plant's female reproductive organs; the part of the flower in which eggs develop |
| Ovule | The part of the ovary that develops into a seed after fertilization |
| Pollination | The process by which of pollen grains transfer from the stamen to the stigma |
| Fertilization | When pollen from the stamen enters the ovule in the ovary of the flower |
| Germination | The growth of an embryo; the early stage of seed growth |
| Vegetative Propagation | The process of growing new plants from plant parts (tubers, bulbs, runners, cuttings, roots, and leaves) |
| Photosynthesis | The process in which plants use chlorophyll and light to make sugar/food and oxygen |
| Chloroplasts | Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll |
| Chlorophyll | A green substance in plants that absorbs the light from the sun, so that the plant can carry on photosynthesis |
| Respiration | The process by which sugar/food is broken down when combined with oxygen from the air |
| Transpiration | The loss of water vapor through the stomata of a leaf |
| Guard Cells | The pair of specialized cells that boarder a stoma |
| Stomata | Specialized pores in plant leaves that enable gas exchanges to occur |
| Dormancy | An inactive period of time when the plant or seed responds to harsh conditions |
| Tropism | A response of a plant to its environment that involves growth / movement |
| Phototropism | Plant growing toward light |
| Gravitropism | Plant roods growing downward |
| Hyrdrotropism | Plant growth toward water |
| Thigmotropism | Plant movement in response to touch |
| Fungi | A kingdom of organisms that do not contain chlorophyll (for example: yeast, mushrooms, and molds) and cannot make their own food |
Created by:
jmarek15
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