midterm1&2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Subdiscipline of geology, which represents the study of the rocks (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic). | Petrology
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| Branch of geology that is the study of the successions of layers and bodies of rocks in the Earth crust. | Stratigraphy
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| Subdiscipline of geology, which represents the study of sediments and their deposition. | Sedimentology
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| Science is transformed into ___________________ by not fully accepting its unlimited field of research and lack of directionality. | Pseudoscience
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| The modern heliocentric model of the Solar System was given by ______ | Nicolaus Copernicus
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| e Solar System is situated in this branch of the Milky Way. | Cygnus-Orion
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| The beginning of the known Universe expansion is dated at circa ____________. | 13.7 - 13.8 billion years
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| The source of the Sun radiated energy is given by ___________. | Thermo-nuclear reactions
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| Most of the Sun consists of the elements __________ and ___________. | Helium, Hydrogen
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| The vast depression zones at the Moon surface are referred to as ____________ (hint: relief forms opposite to highlands). | Marae
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| _________________ concentrates most of the Solar System mass (hint: over 98%). | Sun
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| Which of the following planets does not have a core consisting of molten matter? | Jupiter
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| These celestial bodies of the Solar System are often informally referred to as “flying mountains”. | Asteroids
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| Meteorites having traces of organic matter in their mass are known as ______________. | Carbonaceous chondrites
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| The most frequent metal associated with iron in the iron meteorites is ______________. | Nickel
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| ______________ is the largest terrestrial planet. | Earth
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| A silicate-dominated meteorite that has no chondrules in its mass is known as ____________. | Achondrite
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| Planet of the Solar System other than the Earth that yielded compelling evidence to demonstrate the existence of free water at the surface during its past. | Mars
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| First celestial bodies formed according to the Solar Nebula Theory from the matter concentrated in the concentrical rings around the cloud centre are the _______________. | Protoplanets
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| This kind of celestial body or agglomeration of matter is the starting structure in the Solar Nebula Theory. | Nebula
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| Birth of Sun (as star!) is considered when ______________. | Thermo-nuclear reactions started in the protosun
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| The radiation flux from the Sun is known as _______________. | Solar Wind
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| The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus is referred to as __________. | Epicenter
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| The Mohorovichich discontinuity is the boundary between ______________________. | Mantle and crust
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| What continent or subcontinent was not part of Gondwana? | Europe
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| The asthenosphere is situated between ________ and _________. | Lithosphere and mesosphere
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| Tectonic plate that does not have a continent on it. | Pacific Plate
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| The physical state of the Earth’s inner core is _________. | Liquid but behave as a solid
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| __________ are the dominant rocks in the oceanic crust. | Basalts
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| Earth internal structure is best described as ________ | Layered
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| _____________ is the dominant element on Earth. | Iron
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| ______________ is the dominant gas in Earth’s atmosphere. | Nitrogen
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| Planet of the Solar System other than the Earth that has well-developed ice caps. | Mars
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| ____________ is the only satellite of Jupiter on which volcanic activity was observed. | Io
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| Jovian planet’s general appearance is best described as _____________. | Gaseous
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| The nearby layers in the graphite structure are bonded by ______________ bonds. | Van der Waals
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| _________ is an example of mineraloid | Opal
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| Organic minerals are formed mostly as a result of ______________. | Bacterial precipitation
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| The cause of the different physical properties of diamond and graphite is given by ___________. | Different crystal structures
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| What polygons define the atoms of carbon in the planes of the graphite crystal structure? | Hexagons
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| A combination between a metallic element and sulphur is known as __________ | Sulfide
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| Oxide with excellent magnetic properties | Magnetite
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| The most frequent sulfide is ________ | Pyrite
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| _________ is the most frequent carbonate mineral. | Calcite
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| A relatively rare variety of pyrite occurs as ______________ minerals. | Dodecahedral
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| Silicate group that presents the crystal structure with silica tetrahedra bonded in double chains | Sorosilicates
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| Silicates with the crystal structure consisting of a 3D network of silica tetrahedra are known as ____________. | Tectosilicates
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| The physical state of magma is __________. | A combination of liquid, solid and gaseous substances
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| The texture of an igneous rock in which the whole rock mass is composed of large-sized crystals, which are visible with the unaided eye. | Phaneritic
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| The finest material released in the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions. | Volcanic Ash
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| Rocks with this texture are considered at the boundary between igneous and sedimentary domains. | Fragmental
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| Larger minerals, which are included in the microcrystalline mass of a phaneritic igneous rock (i.e., ground mass) are referred to as________. | Phenocrysts
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| Occurrences of pillow basalts are indicative for _______. | Submarine lava flows
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| The mass of microcrystalline rock in the porphyritic texture is referred to as ___________. | Ground mass
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| Volcanic ejecta without incandescent substances in their mass are known as _______________. | Pyroclastic flows
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| Vesicular basalts are indicative for ____________lava flows. | high-viscosity
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| Natural phenomena through which material from Earth interior is brought up to the surface. | Volcanic eruptions
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| Which of the following processes is not part of the clastic rock formation cycle? | Rock melting
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| The source of the solid particles in suspension in the Earth atmosphere. | -Compaction & cementation processes
-Wind erosion of pre-existent rocks
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| Type of weathering characterized by formation of new minerals that have a different composition than the pre-existing, weathered ones. | Chemical weathering
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| The ____________ is the smallest unit of an element. | Atom
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| The total number of protons in the atomic nucleus is known as ____________. | Atomic number
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| Artificial diamonds are not considered minerals in geology because ________________. | they are artificially manufactured
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| Minerals with the same chemical composition and different crystal structures are known as _____ | polymorphs
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| The part of a rock that does not melt in the subsurface magma chamber is referred to as ______________. | Residue
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| _______________ is the final effect of magma cooling. | Crystallization
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