Chapter 18 Language of Medicine 10th edition
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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adenectomy | Removal of a gland.
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adrenalectomy | Removal of an adrenal gland.
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gonadotropin | Hormone that is secreted from the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and
testes).
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hypogonadism | Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual
development.
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pancreatectomy | Removal of the pancreas.
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parathyroidectomy | Removal of the parathyroid glands.
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hypopituitarism | Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland.
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thyrotropic hormone | Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH
or thyroid
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thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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androgen | Hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics (e.g., testosterone).
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hypercalcemia | Increased calcium in the blood.
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hypercalciuria | High levels of calcium in urine.
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hypocalcemia | Decreased calcium in the blood.
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corticosteroid | Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
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endocrinologist | Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders.
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polydipsia | Condition of excessive thirst.
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estrogenic | Pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen (producing estrogen
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glucagon | Hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream
when blood sugar levels are low.
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hyperglycemia | Blood condition of increased sugar.
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glycemic | Pertains to sugar in the blood.
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glycogen | An animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver.
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homeostasis | State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body’s internal environment.
hormonal
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hypokalemia | Low levels of potassium in the blood.
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prolactin | Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the growth of breast tissue
and stimulates milk production.
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myxedema | Condition of mucous
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hyponatremia | Blood condition of deficiency of sodium.
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hypophysectomy | Removal of the pituitary gland.
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somatotropin | Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and
tissues (growth hormone).
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steroid | An organic (containing carbon) compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin D,
certain hormones.
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oxytocin | Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates childbirth.
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thyrotoxicosis | Condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland with symptoms such as
sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos.
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antidiuretic hormone | Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; causes water to be retained in the
body.
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glucagon | Hormone from the pancreas that “assembles” sugar from starch and increases blood
sugar when it is low.
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hypoglycemia | Low levels of sugar in blood.
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epinephrine | Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure.
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adrenocorticotropin | Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal
cortex to release its hormones.
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glycosuria | Condition of sugar in the urine.
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euthyroid | Normal thyroid function.
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hyperkalemia | High levels of potassium in blood.
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hypoinsulinism | Low levels of insulin.
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oxytocin | Hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth.
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panhypopituitarism | Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland.
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polyuria | Excessive urine production.
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tetraiodothyronine (T4) | Thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thyroxine.
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triiodothyronine (T3) | Thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine.
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