Fertilisation and inheritance
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is a gamete? | A haploid cell (sex cell)
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| What are animal gametes called? | sperm (male) and egg (female)
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| What are plant gametes called? | pollen (male) and ovule (female)
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| What animal structure produces sperm? | testes
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| What animal structure produces eggs? | ovary
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| What plant structure produces pollen? | anther
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| What plant structure produces ovules? | ovary
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| What is a zygote? | A fertilised egg
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| What is a chromosome complement of a cell? | A total number of chromosomes that a cell contains.
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| What is a chromosome complement of a human diploid cell | 46 chromosomes
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| What is a chromosome complement of a human gamete (haploid cell)? | 23 chromosomes
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| What are haploid cells? | Cells that have exactly half of the chromosome complement of a diploid cell
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| Is a zygote a diploid or a haploid cell? | Diploid
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| Why is a zygote a diploid cell? | because it is made from two haploid cells whose nuclei have fused at fertilisation
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| What is a phenotype? | An outward appearance of an organism, eg. blue eyes
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| What is a genotype? | A combination of alleles that organism has for a given characteristic eg. Bb, BB, or bb
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| What is a heterozygous genotype? | two different alleles, Bb
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| What is a homozygous genotype? | two same alleles, BB or bb
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| Example of a homozygous dominant genotype | BB
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| Example of a homozygous recessive genotype | bb
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| What is polygenic inheritance? | Inheritance of characteristics that are controlled by more than one gene. eg. height
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| What kind of variation does polygenic inheritance lead to? | continuous variation
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| What kind of variation is seen when characteristic is controlled by a single gene? | discrete variation
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| Name two examples of continuous variation | height, hand span
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| Name two examples of discrete variation | blood type, eye colour
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| What is discrete variation? | variation in which individuals can be divided into discrete groups
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| What is continuous variation? | variation in which individuals vary along a continuum. Needs to be measured (has units)
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| What is an allele? | A version of a gene
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| How do new alleles appear? | by mutation
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| Why does actual offspring ration sometimes differ from predicted ratio in genetic crosses? | when number of offspring is small sometimes ratios differ from predicted due to chance
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Created by:
dr.prorocic
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