1000 facts
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| ( ) blue, ( ) green ( ) red are the cone peaks | 450,510,570
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| ___ quanta are minimum for detection in dark adapted person | 5 to 14, average of 9
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| a deuteranomolous trichromat mataches ___ with red and green on the anomoloscope, a normal trichromate would see more___ | yellow, green
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| a gray square will appear red on a ___ background because of simulataneous contrast | green
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| a myope sees a __ center with a ___ fringe when looking at a cobalt filter | red , blue
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| a person cannot be a ____ | deuteranomolous deuteranope
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| a protanope and a deuteranope have the same ___ luminosity curve | scotopic
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| __ ( not effect) states the luminance of a mixture of colors is equal to the sum of the luminance of it parts (luminance is additive) | Abney's law
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| airy's disc is due to __ | diffraction
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| an emmetrope with +1.00 will see a __ circle with __ center | blue, red
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| at the rod saturation pt, 10% of the pigment is ___ | bleached
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| ___ motion is apparent motion of small isolated object in dark environment | Autokinetic
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| ___ masking is explained by a latency difference | backward
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| ___ of the retina can be seen as moving spots while looking at a brightly illuminated surface (blue sky) | blue arcs
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| ____ are entopic phenomena seen in the center of the fovea | blue spots or maxwell spots
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| ___ color vision problems can be due to acquired ON defect | blue yellow
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| Cataracts and age ___ CFF | decrease
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| Cells in an ocular dominance column respond to stimuli in the __ orientation | same
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| CFF decreases ___ by age 40,70% is due to ___ | decrease, senile miosis
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| CFF __ with yellowing of the lens | decreases
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| CFF __ with light intensity , if high frequency | increases
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| it takes __ minutes for 50% of rods to regenerate and __ min for 50% of cones to regenerate | 5, 1.5
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| kitten's critical period is | 1-3 months
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| Lambert surface reflects light equally in __ direction (a perfect diffuser) | ALL
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| large pupils effect VA by __ & ___ aberration | spherical and chromatic
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| location of maximal stimulus for rods is | > 20 degrees
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| __ is the rate of passage of light from a source | luminous flux
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| clouds are white due to ____ scatter | Tyndall
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| color confusion is the basis for ____ | pseudoisochromatic plates
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| color specification can be demonstrated by __,__,___ | hue, chroma, value
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| complete spatial summation is implied in _____ | Ricco's law
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| cones are maximally sensitive @ ___ | 555 nm
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| Contrast sensitivity peaks at all spatial frequencies by age ___ and remains until __ | 18, 39
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| contrast sensitivity shows overall depression under ___ condition | mesopic
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| ___ varies directly with the effective size of a retinal unit | depth of focus
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| ___ is the minimum visible | detection VA
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| ____'s colors generally attributed to different photoreceptor latencies | fechner's
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| for given exposure to light, __ bleach faster | cone
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| For every __ you move out on the horopter, panum's fusional area gets larger by __ degree | 5, 1
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| __ and __ contribute to chroma | Hue and saturation
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| __ specifies how much color stimulus differs from a white light of equal brightness | HUE
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| if cones and rods are both bleached, after 5 minutes, more __ than __ will be regenerated | cones , rods
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| if you induce exotropia, a monkey will be able to see out of either, , but not at the same time |
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| if you wanted to test scotopic dark adaptation, you would use ___ target located __ degrees eccentrically | blue/green , 20
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| in a badal optometer, a __, lens would provide __ per centimeter of object displacement | +40, 16D
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| in the dark, accommodative posture is __ infinitiy | inside
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| __ yields a continuous spectrum | incandescence
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| in the leaf room, all __ cues are removed | monocular
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| induced effect is from X __. geometric effect is from __ | 180, x090
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| monkeys critical period is ___ | 6 wks
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| monkeys raised in a confined environment will exhibit ___ | myopia
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| Moore 's lighting streaks may be a sign of ___ | PVD
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| most common ectopic phenomena are from ___ | vitreal floaters
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| most common form of hereditary CV deficiency is __ | deuteranomaly
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| most common method of determining the horopter is the __ | apparent fronto-parallel plane
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| ___ parallax is a cue that is within arms length | motion
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| __ myopia is due to resting accommodation, chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and extrafoveal fixation | Night
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| Normal vernier acutity is __ | 2-4 seconds
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| panum's fusional area is the largest ___ | in the periphery
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| peak of CFF is __ | 5 cycles/degree
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| phosphenes are more commonly seen in ___ women, and are seen __ and __ | middle aged, vertically and temporally
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| pulfrich phenomenon is seen ___ with filter on the OD ey e | Counterclockwise
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| receptive fields of complex cells are selective for ____ | motion of a certain orientation
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| red curve is missing for __, green for __ | prontonopes,deuteronopes
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| red-yellow are the colors that are confused by a ____ | tritanope
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| refocusing with (+) lens affects CSF @ __ frequency | high
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| retinal vessels are not visible due to ___ effect | troxler effect
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| rods are maximally sensitive @ | 505
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| signal detection DOES NOT detect ___ | background noise
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| Sky is blue due to ____ | rayleigh scatter
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| small pupil decreases VA by ___ | Diffraction
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| snellen acutiy compares with CSF at ___ frequency | highest frequency
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| spectral sensitivity shifts towards __ wavelengths as you age | LOW
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| stereopsis requires ___ disparity | HORIZONTAL
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| stiles crawford effect I (angle affects brightness) has to do with wave property of light |
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| stiles crawford effect I is present in __ and __ , but more in ___ | rods and cone, cones
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| temporal summation is ___ sec for scotopic and __ msec for photoptic | 100 ms, and 10-50 msec
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| temporal summation is ___ of wavelength | independent
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| temporal summation is longer for ___ stimuli and lower __ levels | pattern, light
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| the ___ wave has the highest amplitude | B
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| the best measure of resoln acuity is __ | grating stimuli
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| the flicker and cascade methods represents techniques used in ____ | heterochromatic photometry
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| the greatest modulation in a diagram is the one with the greatest difference in | peak and trough
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| the hue that will appear least saturated to deuteranope is ___ | green
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| the ___is a unit of luminous flux (luminous pwr) | lumen
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| the main reason for modular transfer is ___ image on the retina | quality
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| the min distance that can be resolved at 1km with the unaided eye is ___ | 26.8
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| the nonius horopter is referred to as the ___ horopter | equi-angular
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| the peak of phototopic luminosity curve is ___ | 555
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| the perceived brightness of a brief single flash stimulus remains constant if time is ___ than the critical duration | greater
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| the photochromatic interval is __ for red stimuli and is larger for ____ | 0, blue/green
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| ____ are designed around confusion lines in the CIE diagram | pseudoisochromatic plates
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| the process of colors analysis begins at the ___ | retina
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| the purkinje shift prves the __ theory | purkinje
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| the spatial modulation transfer fxn is the ratio of the input frequency to the __ input | contrast
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| Luminance, chromaticity, s phase( LCS) potential are ___ | graded, transient
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| the threshold sensitivity of ___ is more affected than cones by a given amt of pigment bleaching | rods
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| the time required to perceive apparent motion is a ___ msec pause btw 2 targets | 50-60
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| the __ is a measure of retinal illuminance | troland
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| the ___ is the luminance of a stimulus times the area of the entrance pupil | troland
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| under scoptopic conditions , ___ will seems brighter | blue poker chips
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| ___ light causes cataract changes and is the most damaging to ocular structures | UV B 300
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| VA ___ as airy disc __ | increases, decreases
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| __ is the best measure of VA | vernier
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| ___ are preferred in the cortex | vertical
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| VM circle is the locus of pts with ---geometric retinal disparity | 0
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| when you fixate on a dart target, it is __ | oculoexentric
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| with ODX90 and OS X 180 right wall will seem ___ | farther out
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