Cell Basis of Inheritance
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| meiosis | Gonadal process creates 4 genetically diff. haploid gametes (eggs&sperm)
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| Haploid (n) | Cell with SINGLE set of chromosomes (eg. Human egg or sperm (n-23))
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| Gametes | Term for SEX cells (n); egg or sperm;
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| Fertilization | Another term for SYNGAMY or union of gametes (sperm & egg)
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| Zygote (2n) | Fertilized egg after UNION of the gametes (2n=diploid #chrom)
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| Karyotype | Visual display of 23 homologous pairs of chrom. (one set from each part)
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| Homologous Chromosomes | matching pair of chromosomes; one from each parent
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| Gonads | Sex organs (ovaries or testes); site of meiosis and gamete production
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| Sex Chromosomes | 23rd pair of chromosomes; determine sex: XX (female); XY (male)
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| Crossing Over | Exchange of genes between two NON-sister chromatids during Prophase I
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| Prophase I | Homologous chromosomes synapse; form tetrads; crossing over occurs
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| Chiasmata | Visible "X" shaped regions= crossovers between 2 non-sister chromatids
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| Metaphase I | Homol. chromosomes alight OPPOSITe; spindles attach to only one side
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| Locus | A gene's specific LOCATION along a given chromosome
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| Allele | Version of a GENE carried at a particular location along chromosome
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| Anaphase I | Homologous chromosomes separate; called reduction division (2n->n)
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| Metaphase II | Sister chromatids align in middle; spindle fibers to both sides of centromere
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| Anaphase II | Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles -> 4 haploid nuclei
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| Random Assortment | Shuffling of homologous chromosomes at Metaphase I ->gen. variety
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| 2^n | # of gamete types from (n) pairs of homolgous chromosomes; 2 ^23= 8x 10^6
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| Genetic Recombination | New combinatiosn of genetic material as a result of crossover Prophase I
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| Gene | Term for an HEREDITARY UNIT at givenlocation on chromosome
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| Animals | Organisms: Meiosis creates GAMETES, which soon untie -> 2n zygote
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| Diploid (2n) | Contains full chromosome complement: 1/2 from each parent
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| Genome | Complete set of human genes (38,000) is called the human _______
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| Fern | Organism where meiosis creates thousands of genetically different spores
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| Lige begets LIKE only applies to ASEXUAL reproduction | TRUE
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| The specificic LOCATION of a GENE is called the LOCUS | True
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| The nucleus of FERTILIZED EGG always has the 2x the DN as taht for either GAMETE | TRUE
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| In ANIMALS, MEISOSI serves to produce staggering numbers of varied GAMETES | TRUE
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| A pair of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes = SISTER chromatids | FALSE(homologous pairs)
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| Union of gametes=SYNGAMY --another term for FERTILIZATION | T
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| MEIOSIS creates two IDENTICAL daughter cells | F
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| MEIOSIS can only occur in DIPLOID (2n) organizsm | T
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| ANAPHASE I causes spearation of SISTER chromadis | F
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| ANAPHASE II causes separation of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes | F
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| ANAPHASE II causes separation of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes | T
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| For FEMALES, meiosis is complete at OVULATION | F (fertilization)
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| For MALES, the end of meiosis + maturation = FOUR genetically different & viable SPERMATOOZA | True
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| for FEMALES< fertilization of SECONDARY OOCYTE by a sperm must occur to complete meisos | TRUE
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| For FEMALES, meisos produces FOUR potential ova | Fales (one
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| During PROPHASE I of MEIOSIS, HOMOLOGOUS pairs alight (gene to gene) forming TETRADS | T
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| During PROPHASE I of meiosis, rossing over occurs between non sister chromatids | F
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| METPAHSASE I : HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes RANDOMLY arrange OPPOSITE in middle of cell | T
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| metaphase of MITOSIS, homolgous chromosomes ignore each other; no crossover occurs | T
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| NO CROSSOVER occurs during 2nd Meiotic Division | T
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