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Ch. 9 Meiosis
Cell Basis of Inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| meiosis | Gonadal process creates 4 genetically diff. haploid gametes (eggs&sperm) |
| Haploid (n) | Cell with SINGLE set of chromosomes (eg. Human egg or sperm (n-23)) |
| Gametes | Term for SEX cells (n); egg or sperm; |
| Fertilization | Another term for SYNGAMY or union of gametes (sperm & egg) |
| Zygote (2n) | Fertilized egg after UNION of the gametes (2n=diploid #chrom) |
| Karyotype | Visual display of 23 homologous pairs of chrom. (one set from each part) |
| Homologous Chromosomes | matching pair of chromosomes; one from each parent |
| Gonads | Sex organs (ovaries or testes); site of meiosis and gamete production |
| Sex Chromosomes | 23rd pair of chromosomes; determine sex: XX (female); XY (male) |
| Crossing Over | Exchange of genes between two NON-sister chromatids during Prophase I |
| Prophase I | Homologous chromosomes synapse; form tetrads; crossing over occurs |
| Chiasmata | Visible "X" shaped regions= crossovers between 2 non-sister chromatids |
| Metaphase I | Homol. chromosomes alight OPPOSITe; spindles attach to only one side |
| Locus | A gene's specific LOCATION along a given chromosome |
| Allele | Version of a GENE carried at a particular location along chromosome |
| Anaphase I | Homologous chromosomes separate; called reduction division (2n->n) |
| Metaphase II | Sister chromatids align in middle; spindle fibers to both sides of centromere |
| Anaphase II | Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles -> 4 haploid nuclei |
| Random Assortment | Shuffling of homologous chromosomes at Metaphase I ->gen. variety |
| 2^n | # of gamete types from (n) pairs of homolgous chromosomes; 2 ^23= 8x 10^6 |
| Genetic Recombination | New combinatiosn of genetic material as a result of crossover Prophase I |
| Gene | Term for an HEREDITARY UNIT at givenlocation on chromosome |
| Animals | Organisms: Meiosis creates GAMETES, which soon untie -> 2n zygote |
| Diploid (2n) | Contains full chromosome complement: 1/2 from each parent |
| Genome | Complete set of human genes (38,000) is called the human _______ |
| Fern | Organism where meiosis creates thousands of genetically different spores |
| Lige begets LIKE only applies to ASEXUAL reproduction | TRUE |
| The specificic LOCATION of a GENE is called the LOCUS | True |
| The nucleus of FERTILIZED EGG always has the 2x the DN as taht for either GAMETE | TRUE |
| In ANIMALS, MEISOSI serves to produce staggering numbers of varied GAMETES | TRUE |
| A pair of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes = SISTER chromatids | FALSE(homologous pairs) |
| Union of gametes=SYNGAMY --another term for FERTILIZATION | T |
| MEIOSIS creates two IDENTICAL daughter cells | F |
| MEIOSIS can only occur in DIPLOID (2n) organizsm | T |
| ANAPHASE I causes spearation of SISTER chromadis | F |
| ANAPHASE II causes separation of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes | F |
| ANAPHASE II causes separation of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes | T |
| For FEMALES, meiosis is complete at OVULATION | F (fertilization) |
| For MALES, the end of meiosis + maturation = FOUR genetically different & viable SPERMATOOZA | True |
| for FEMALES< fertilization of SECONDARY OOCYTE by a sperm must occur to complete meisos | TRUE |
| For FEMALES, meisos produces FOUR potential ova | Fales (one |
| During PROPHASE I of MEIOSIS, HOMOLOGOUS pairs alight (gene to gene) forming TETRADS | T |
| During PROPHASE I of meiosis, rossing over occurs between non sister chromatids | F |
| METPAHSASE I : HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes RANDOMLY arrange OPPOSITE in middle of cell | T |
| metaphase of MITOSIS, homolgous chromosomes ignore each other; no crossover occurs | T |
| NO CROSSOVER occurs during 2nd Meiotic Division | T |
Created by:
vweber1
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