Bio. SG Vocab.
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Evolution | A heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next
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| Autotroph | An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms
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| Heterotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials
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| Overproduction | When more offspring can be produced than can survive to maturity
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| Genetic Variation | When individuals have different traits
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| Struggle To Survive | When individuals must compete with one another to survive, thus causing adaptations over time
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| Differential Reproduction | Populations begin to differ as they become adapted to different environments
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| Decent With Modification | All species descended from one or a few original kinds of life
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| Allopatric Speciation | When species arise as a result of geographic isolation
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| Sympatric Speciation | When two sub populations become re-productively isolated within the same geographic area
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| Species | A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
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| Convergent Evolution | The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
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| Divergent Evolution | The process by which two or more related but re-productively isolated populations become more and more dissimilar
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| Co-evolution | The evolution of two or more species that is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more mutually beneficial
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| Disruptive Selection | When two extreme forms of a trait are selected
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| Stabilizing Selection | When the average form of a trait is favored and becomes more common
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| Directional Selection | When the most extreme form of a trait is favored and becomes more common
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| Radioactive Isotope | An isotope that has an unstable nucleus and that emits radiation
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| Half-life | The time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope
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| Cladogram | A diagram that's based on patterns of shared and derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
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| Gene Flow | The movement of genes into or out of a population due to interbreeding
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| Gradualism | A model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity
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| Catastrophism | The idea that sudden geologic catastrophes caused the extinction of large groups of organisms at certain points in the past
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| Punctuated Equilibrium | A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species, including mass extinctions and rapid speciation, are separated by long periods of little or no change
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