Evidence for Evolution
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| inherited trait (structure or behavior) that helps an organism survive | adaptation
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| process of how organisms acquire adaptations over time (change traits across generations) | evolution
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| tree-like diagram that displays evolutionary relationships among living things and their ancestors | cladogram
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| What are four types/lines of evidence for evolution? | comparative anatomy, biochemical evidence, embryology, fossil record
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| What structures have a common origin (same pattern) but do not need to perform the same function | homologous
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| How is embryology show if organisms are more related to each other? | if they are MORE similar as late stage embryos then they are MORE related to each other
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| How is biochemical evidence used to determine evolutionary evidence? | Comparing DNA or AMINO ACID sequences for specific genes
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| Why are there gaps in the fossil record? | Most organisms (probably 1% or less) don't leave fossils - they aren't in the right place at the right time, their remains are disturbed before they can fossilized
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| What type of evidence studies similarities and differences in body structures? | comparative anatomy
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| The term for a developing vertebrate offspring | embryo
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| A spot on a cladogram that represents a common ancestor | node
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| term for new features that separate new species from past ones; is used to separate branches on a cladogram | derived characteristic
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| What types of things do all early vertebrate embryos have in common? | tail, pharyngeal (gill) slits, eyes
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| what do all cells have in common? | they all have same type of cell membranes and use DNA and all use cellular respiration for energy
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| If two organisms have MORE differences in gene/amino acid sequence, then they are | Less related
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| Give an example of homologous structures | arms in vertebrates (bat wings, human arms, whale flippers, cat paws, etc.)
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| Give an example of analogous structures | wings in bats v bids v insects; fins/flippers in fish/dolphins/penguins
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| Give examples of vestigial structures | goosebumps, ear muscles, and tailbone in humans as well as whale hip bones
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| Structures with a similar function that did NOT come from a common ancestor | analogous
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| Structures inherited from an ancestor that do not have a function | vestigial
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| A species that shows features in between two different other major forms. | transitional fossil
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| Tiktaalik is a transitional fossil between... | fish and tetrapods
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| What is a tetrapod? | a four legged land animal
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| Archeopteryx is a transitional fossil between... | a dinosaur and a bird
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Created by:
jenhaugen01
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