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CPO Ch 13
Evidence for Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inherited trait (structure or behavior) that helps an organism survive | adaptation |
| process of how organisms acquire adaptations over time (change traits across generations) | evolution |
| tree-like diagram that displays evolutionary relationships among living things and their ancestors | cladogram |
| What are four types/lines of evidence for evolution? | comparative anatomy, biochemical evidence, embryology, fossil record |
| What structures have a common origin (same pattern) but do not need to perform the same function | homologous |
| How is embryology show if organisms are more related to each other? | if they are MORE similar as late stage embryos then they are MORE related to each other |
| How is biochemical evidence used to determine evolutionary evidence? | Comparing DNA or AMINO ACID sequences for specific genes |
| Why are there gaps in the fossil record? | Most organisms (probably 1% or less) don't leave fossils - they aren't in the right place at the right time, their remains are disturbed before they can fossilized |
| What type of evidence studies similarities and differences in body structures? | comparative anatomy |
| The term for a developing vertebrate offspring | embryo |
| A spot on a cladogram that represents a common ancestor | node |
| term for new features that separate new species from past ones; is used to separate branches on a cladogram | derived characteristic |
| What types of things do all early vertebrate embryos have in common? | tail, pharyngeal (gill) slits, eyes |
| what do all cells have in common? | they all have same type of cell membranes and use DNA and all use cellular respiration for energy |
| If two organisms have MORE differences in gene/amino acid sequence, then they are | Less related |
| Give an example of homologous structures | arms in vertebrates (bat wings, human arms, whale flippers, cat paws, etc.) |
| Give an example of analogous structures | wings in bats v bids v insects; fins/flippers in fish/dolphins/penguins |
| Give examples of vestigial structures | goosebumps, ear muscles, and tailbone in humans as well as whale hip bones |
| Structures with a similar function that did NOT come from a common ancestor | analogous |
| Structures inherited from an ancestor that do not have a function | vestigial |
| A species that shows features in between two different other major forms. | transitional fossil |
| Tiktaalik is a transitional fossil between... | fish and tetrapods |
| What is a tetrapod? | a four legged land animal |
| Archeopteryx is a transitional fossil between... | a dinosaur and a bird |
Created by:
jenhaugen01
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