Personality Modules 51-54
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| Personality | show 🗑
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| Character | show 🗑
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| show | The hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, activity levels, prevailing mood, irritability, and adaptability.
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| show | Characteristics shared by most members of a culture
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| Cardinal Traits | show 🗑
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| show | basic building blocks of personality
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| Secondary Traits | show 🗑
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| show | Features that make up the visible areas of personality
Visible or observable traits
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| Source Traits | show 🗑
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| show | Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles
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| show | Behavioristic theories focus on external environment and on the effects of conditioning and learning
Social learning theories attribute differences in personality to socialization, expectations, and mental processes
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| show | Focus on private, subjective experience and personal growth
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| Trait Theories | show 🗑
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| The “Big Five” Personality Factors (Cattell) | show 🗑
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| show | basic differences in personality can be “boiled down” to the dimensions shown here. Is she or he extroverted or introverted? Agreeable or difficult? Conscientious or irresponsible? Emotionally stable or unstable? Smart or unintelligent?
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| Freud's id | show 🗑
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| Feud's Ego | show 🗑
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| show | control the id's impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression, has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection. Guilt and ideal self.
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| Conscious Mind | show 🗑
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| show | thoughts/feelings that a person is not currently aware, can easily be brought to consciousness. Below the level of consciousness, b4 the unconscious, mental waiting room, which thoughts remain until they succeed in attracting the eye of the conscious'
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| show | mental processes that r inaccessible 2 consciousness but influence judgements, feelings, behavior, the unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior. Like an iceberg, the most important part of the mind is the part you cannot see.
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| Freud's Oral Stage | show 🗑
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| Freud's Anal Stage | show 🗑
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| Phallic Stage | show 🗑
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| Latency Stage | show 🗑
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| Genital Stage | show 🗑
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| show | keeping anxiety-producing thoughts out of the conscious mind. Ex. 3 years after being hospitalized for back surgery, the person can only recall vague details of the event.
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| Reaction formation | show 🗑
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| Displacement | show 🗑
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| Sublimation | show 🗑
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| show | reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else. Ex. A married woman who is attracted to a co-worker accuses him of flirting with her.
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| show | reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts. Ex. After being rejected by a prestigious university, a student explains he is glad because he would rather go to a smaller less prestigious school.
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| show | retreating to a mode of behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development. Ex. After her parent's bitter divorce, a child refuses to sleep alone in her room, and crawls in bed with her mother.
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| Undoing | show 🗑
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| show | The failure to recognize or acknowledge anxiety provoking information. Ex. An alcoholic refuses to admit that he is addicted.
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| Humanism | show 🗑
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| Human Nature | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to choose that is NOT controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces.
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| Subjective Experience | show 🗑
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| Self-Actualization (Maslow) | show 🗑
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| show | Temporary moments of self-actualization.
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| show | Efficient perceptions of reality acceptance of self others + nature. Spontaneity Task centering Autonomy Continued freshness of appreciation Fellowship w humanity Profound relationships. Comfort w solitude. Non-hostile sense of humor. Peak experiences.
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| Positive Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | Wisdom and knowledge
Courage
Humanity
Justice
Temperance
Transcendence
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| Carl Roger's Self Theory | show 🗑
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| Self (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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| show | Total subjective perception of your body and personality.
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| Incongruence (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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| show | Idealized image of oneself (the person one would like to be).
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| Possible self (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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| show | theres a mismatch between any of these three entities: the ideal self (the person you would like to be), your self-image (the person you think you are), and the true self (the person you actually are).
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| Effects of Incongruence: | show 🗑
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| Conditions of Worth (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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| Positive Self-Regard (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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| show | Natural, un-distorted, full-body reaction to an experience
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| show | Unshakable love and approval
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| show | Personality is no more (or less) than a collection of relatively stable learned behavior patterns
Situational determinants: External causes of actions
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| show | Combines learning principles, cognition, effects of social relationships, Psycholo Situation: how the person interprets/defines situation. Expectancy: Anticipates a response will lead to reinforcement. Reinforcement Value: value attached to a reinforcer
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| Dollard and Miller’s Theory | show 🗑
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| show | Learned behavior pattern driven by drive, cue, response, and reward
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| Drive (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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| Cue (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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| Response (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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| Reward (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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| show | Signals from the environment that guide responses
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| Response (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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| show | Positive reinforcement
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| Four critical situations may leave a lasting imprint on personality | show 🗑
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