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Personality Modules 51-54

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Term
Definition
Personality   show
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show Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated; a person's desirable or undesirable qualities.  
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show The hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, activity levels, prevailing mood, irritability, and adaptability.  
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show Characteristics shared by most members of a culture  
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show basic; all of a person’s activities can be traced to that trait; few people have these (Mteresa – compassion)  
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show basic building blocks of personality  
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show superficial personal qualities (food preferences, attitudes, political opinions, musical tastes, etc.)  
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Surface Traits   show
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show Underlying characteristics of a personality Each one is reflected in many surface traits  
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show Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles  
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Behavioristic and Social Learning Theories   show
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Humanistic Theories   show
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show Attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior  
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The “Big Five” Personality Factors (Cattell)   show
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The Big Five   show
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show The primitive and instinctive component of personality. Consists of all the inherited (i.e. biological) components of personality. Impulsive and demands immediate satisfaction. Operates on the pleasure principle. illogical, irrational, fantasy oriented.  
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show Operates according to the reality principle and mediates between the unrealistic id and the external real world. Secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem solving.  
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Freud's Superego   show
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show consists of all the mental processes of which we are aware, and this is seen as the tip of the iceberg. For example, you may be feeling thirsty at this moment and decide to get a drink.  
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show thoughts/feelings that a person is not currently aware, can easily be brought to consciousness. Below the level of consciousness, b4 the unconscious, mental waiting room, which thoughts remain until they succeed in attracting the eye of the conscious'  
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show mental processes that r inaccessible 2 consciousness but influence judgements, feelings, behavior, the unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior. Like an iceberg, the most important part of the mind is the part you cannot see.  
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show 0-1 yr. Baby puts many things in mouth, as well as satisfies needs via mouth (breastfeeding, feeding). Conflict in this stage can lead to oral fixation, (smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers)  
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Freud's Anal Stage   show
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Phallic Stage   show
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Latency Stage   show
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Genital Stage   show
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Repression   show
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Reaction formation   show
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show when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego. Ex. Angered by a neighbors hateful comment, a mother spanks her daughter for spilling her milk.  
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show displacement to activities that are valued by society. Ex. A grad student works 14 hours a day on her thesis while her husband is deployed.  
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show reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else. Ex. A married woman who is attracted to a co-worker accuses him of flirting with her.  
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Rationalization   show
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Regression   show
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show repenting for a wrong doing, by a secondary action. Ex. A woman gets a large tax return byb cheating, feels guilty and makes a larger donation than usual in church on Sunday.  
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show The failure to recognize or acknowledge anxiety provoking information. Ex. An alcoholic refuses to admit that he is addicted.  
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Humanism   show
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show Traits, qualities, potentials, and behavior patterns most characteristic of humans.  
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Free Choice   show
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Subjective Experience   show
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Self-Actualization (Maslow)   show
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show Temporary moments of self-actualization.  
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show Efficient perceptions of reality acceptance of self others + nature. Spontaneity Task centering Autonomy Continued freshness of appreciation Fellowship w humanity Profound relationships. Comfort w solitude. Non-hostile sense of humor. Peak experiences.  
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Positive Psychology   show
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Traits that contribute to well-being and to life satisfaction   show
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show Fully functioning person Lives in harmony with his/her deepest feelings and impulses The capacity for inner peace and happiness  
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Self (Carl Roger)   show
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show Total subjective perception of your body and personality.  
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show Exists when there is a discrepancy between one’s experiences and self-image.  
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Ideal self (Carl Roger)   show
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Possible self (Carl Roger)   show
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show theres a mismatch between any of these three entities: the ideal self (the person you would like to be), your self-image (the person you think you are), and the true self (the person you actually are).  
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show Self-esteem suffers when there is a large difference between one’s ideal self and self-image. Anxiety and defensiveness are common when the self-image does not match the true self.  
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Conditions of Worth (Carl Roger)   show
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show Thinking of oneself as a good, lovable, worthwhile person  
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Organismic Valuing (Carl Roger)   show
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Unconditional Positive Regard (Carl Roger)   show
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Behavioral personality theories   show
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show Combines learning principles, cognition, effects of social relationships, Psycholo Situation: how the person interprets/defines situation. Expectancy: Anticipates a response will lead to reinforcement. Reinforcement Value: value attached to a reinforcer  
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show Propose that personality is made of habits  
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Habit (D&Ms theory)   show
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show Any stimulus strong enough to goad a person into action (like hunger)  
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show Signals from the environment that guide responses  
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show Any behavior, either internal or observable; actions  
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show Positive reinforcement  
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show Signals from the environment that guide responses  
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Response (D&Ms theory)   show
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show Positive reinforcement  
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Four critical situations may leave a lasting imprint on personality   show
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