Personality Modules 51-54
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Personality | show 🗑
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show | Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated; a person's desirable or undesirable qualities.
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show | The hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, activity levels, prevailing mood, irritability, and adaptability.
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show | Characteristics shared by most members of a culture
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show | basic; all of a person’s activities can be traced to that trait; few people have these (Mteresa – compassion)
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show | basic building blocks of personality
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show | superficial personal qualities (food preferences, attitudes, political opinions, musical tastes, etc.)
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Surface Traits | show 🗑
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show | Underlying characteristics of a personality
Each one is reflected in many surface traits
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show | Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles
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Behavioristic and Social Learning Theories | show 🗑
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Humanistic Theories | show 🗑
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show | Attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior
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The “Big Five” Personality Factors (Cattell) | show 🗑
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The Big Five | show 🗑
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show | The primitive and instinctive component of personality. Consists of all the inherited (i.e. biological) components of personality. Impulsive and demands immediate satisfaction. Operates on the pleasure principle. illogical, irrational, fantasy oriented.
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show | Operates according to the reality principle and mediates between the unrealistic id and the external real world. Secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem solving.
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Freud's Superego | show 🗑
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show | consists of all the mental processes of which we are aware, and this is seen as the tip of the iceberg. For example, you may be feeling thirsty at this moment and decide to get a drink.
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show | thoughts/feelings that a person is not currently aware, can easily be brought to consciousness. Below the level of consciousness, b4 the unconscious, mental waiting room, which thoughts remain until they succeed in attracting the eye of the conscious'
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show | mental processes that r inaccessible 2 consciousness but influence judgements, feelings, behavior, the unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior. Like an iceberg, the most important part of the mind is the part you cannot see.
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show | 0-1 yr. Baby puts many things in mouth, as well as satisfies needs via mouth (breastfeeding, feeding). Conflict in this stage can lead to oral fixation, (smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers)
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Freud's Anal Stage | show 🗑
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Phallic Stage | show 🗑
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Latency Stage | show 🗑
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Genital Stage | show 🗑
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Repression | show 🗑
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Reaction formation | show 🗑
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show | when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego. Ex. Angered by a neighbors hateful comment, a mother spanks her daughter for spilling her milk.
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show | displacement to activities that are valued by society. Ex. A grad student works 14 hours a day on her thesis while her husband is deployed.
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show | reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else. Ex. A married woman who is attracted to a co-worker accuses him of flirting with her.
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Rationalization | show 🗑
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Regression | show 🗑
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show | repenting for a wrong doing, by a secondary action. Ex. A woman gets a large tax return byb cheating, feels guilty and makes a larger donation than usual in church on Sunday.
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show | The failure to recognize or acknowledge anxiety provoking information. Ex. An alcoholic refuses to admit that he is addicted.
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Humanism | show 🗑
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show | Traits, qualities, potentials, and behavior patterns most characteristic of humans.
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Free Choice | show 🗑
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Subjective Experience | show 🗑
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Self-Actualization (Maslow) | show 🗑
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show | Temporary moments of self-actualization.
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show | Efficient perceptions of reality acceptance of self others + nature. Spontaneity Task centering Autonomy Continued freshness of appreciation Fellowship w humanity Profound relationships. Comfort w solitude. Non-hostile sense of humor. Peak experiences.
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Positive Psychology | show 🗑
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Traits that contribute to well-being and to life satisfaction | show 🗑
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show | Fully functioning person
Lives in harmony with his/her deepest feelings and impulses
The capacity for inner peace and happiness
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Self (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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show | Total subjective perception of your body and personality.
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show | Exists when there is a discrepancy between one’s experiences and self-image.
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Ideal self (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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Possible self (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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show | theres a mismatch between any of these three entities: the ideal self (the person you would like to be), your self-image (the person you think you are), and the true self (the person you actually are).
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show | Self-esteem suffers when there is a large difference between one’s ideal self and self-image. Anxiety and defensiveness are common when the self-image does not match the true self.
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Conditions of Worth (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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show | Thinking of oneself as a good, lovable, worthwhile person
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Organismic Valuing (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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Unconditional Positive Regard (Carl Roger) | show 🗑
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Behavioral personality theories | show 🗑
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show | Combines learning principles, cognition, effects of social relationships, Psycholo Situation: how the person interprets/defines situation. Expectancy: Anticipates a response will lead to reinforcement. Reinforcement Value: value attached to a reinforcer
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show | Propose that personality is made of habits
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Habit (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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show | Any stimulus strong enough to goad a person into action (like hunger)
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show | Signals from the environment that guide responses
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show | Any behavior, either internal or observable; actions
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show | Positive reinforcement
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show | Signals from the environment that guide responses
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Response (D&Ms theory) | show 🗑
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show | Positive reinforcement
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Four critical situations may leave a lasting imprint on personality | show 🗑
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