Biology 1/DNA
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is a nucleotide? | A small unit, or monomer, that makes up DNA.
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| What is a double helix? | A model in which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder.
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| What are the base pairing rules? | The bases of the two DNA strands always pair up in the same way.
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| What is replication? | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle.
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| What are DNA polymerases? | Groups of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together.
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| What is a central dogma? | Where information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins.
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| What is RNA? | Ribonucleic acid or a chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.
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| What is transcription? | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA.
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| What are RNA polymerases? | Enzymes that bonds nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule.
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| What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)? | An intermediate message that is translated to from a protein.
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| What is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? | A form part of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories.
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| What is Transfer RNA (tRNA)? | RNA that brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein.
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| What is translation? | The process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide.
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| What is a codon? | A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
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| What is a stop codon? | A signal at the end of the amino chain.
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| What is a start codon? | A signal at the start of translation and the amino acid methionine.
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| What is an anticodon? | A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
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