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Biology

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Term
Definition
Nucleotides   the small units, or monomers, that make up DNA  
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Double Helix   when two stands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted latter  
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Base Pairing Rules   Thymine (T) always pairs with Adenine (A), and and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G)  
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Replication   when DNA is copied during the cell cycle  
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DNA Polymerases   a group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together  
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Central Dogma   theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to protieins  
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RNA   ribonucleic acid, it's a chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base  
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Transcription   the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA  
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RNA Polymerases   enzymes that band nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule  
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)   an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein  
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)   forms part of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories  
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)   brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein  
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Translation   the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide  
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Stop Codons   codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation  
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Start Codons   codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein  
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Anticodon   set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation  
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