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Chapter 8 Vocab
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleotides | the small units, or monomers, that make up DNA |
| Double Helix | when two stands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted latter |
| Base Pairing Rules | Thymine (T) always pairs with Adenine (A), and and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G) |
| Replication | when DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
| DNA Polymerases | a group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
| Central Dogma | theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to protieins |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, it's a chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base |
| Transcription | the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
| RNA Polymerases | enzymes that band nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | forms part of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
| Translation | the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
| Stop Codons | codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation |
| Start Codons | codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein |
| Anticodon | set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation |
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