Animal transport: digestion, heart, lungs
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| By what process does the food move through the digestive system? | by process of peristalsis.
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| What happens in peristalsis? | muscles behind the food contract, muscles in front of the food relax.
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| Describe the path of food in the human digestive system. | mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum.
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| Where are villi found in the digestive system? | In the small intestine.
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| What is the function of villi? | To absorb products of digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
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| What are the proteins broken down into? | amino acids.
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| What are fats broken down into? | fatty acids and glycerol.
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| What are carbohydrates broken down into? | simple sugars such as glucose.
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| How are villi adapted to their job? | Large surface area, thin wall, good blood supply
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| What is absorbed by the lacteal? | products of fat digestion (fatty acids and glycerol)
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| What is absorbed by the capillary? | products of protein and carbohydrate digestion (amino acids and simple sugars).
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| By what process are nutrients absorbed by the villi? | by diffusion from area of high concentration to area of low concentration of nutrients, down a concentration gradient.
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| What four substances are transported in the blood stream? | Oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, amino acids.
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| What substances do cells take in? | Oxygen and glucose for respiration, amino acids for raw materials and repair.
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| What substance do cells give out? | carbon dioxide (waste product of respiration).
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| What are the three types of blood vessel? | arteries, veins and capillaries.
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| What is the function of arteries? | To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
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| What is the function of veins? | To carry deoxygenated blood into the heart.
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| What is the function of capillaries? | They are the site of gas exchange with the tissues. (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out).
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| What are the features of an artery? | thick muscular wall, no valves, high blood pressure.
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| What are the features of a vein? | thin inelastic wall, VALVES!, low blood pressure.
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| What are the features of a capillary? | very thin wall (1 cell thick), large surface area
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| what are the four chambers of human heart? | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
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| where does the blood in the left side of the heart come from? | it comes from the lungs
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| is the blood in the left side of the heart oxygenated or deoxygenated? | oxygenated
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| how does blood enter the left side of the heart | through a pulmonary vein
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| why is the muscle wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right one? | because left ventricle needs to pump blood throughout the body
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| what is the function of the right ventricle? | to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
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| which are the two blood receiving chambers of the heart? | right and left atria
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| which are the two blood pumping chambers of the heart? | right and left ventricles
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| what is the artery that connects right ventricle and the lungs? | pulmonary artery
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| what is the artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body | aorta
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| what is the vein that connects the lungs and right atrium? | vena cava
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| what is the vein that connects the left atrium and the lungs? | pulmonary vein
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| what is the role of the coronary artery? | it is a blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
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| what are structures in the respiratory system that have rings of cartilage? | trachea and bronchi
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| what is the role of the rings of cartilage in the trachea? | to keep the airways open
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| what is the role of mucus in the respiratory system? | to trap dirt and microorganisms
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| what is the role of cillia? | to move trapped dirt and microorganisms out of the lungs
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| why do alveoli have large surface area, thin walls and good blood supply? | to maximize gas exchange
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| which gas leaves the blood and enters alveoli? | carbon dioxide
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| which gas enters the blood from the alveoli? | oxygen
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| where does carbon dioxide in the blood come from | it is a by waste product of cell respiration
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| why does our body need oxygen? | for aerobic respiration
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| by what process does oxygen enter the blood in the capillaries from the alveoli? | by diffusion
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| by what process does carbon dioxide leave the blood in the capillaries and enter the alveoli? | by diffusion
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| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules from area of high to area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.
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