Chapter 41
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| 3 vital things animals obtain from their food | chemical energy, building blocks for macromolecules, and essential nutrients
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| The proteins in most meat products are ______ and contain all 8 essential amino acids for humans | complete
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| The proteins in most plant products are _____and are missing one or more of the human essential amino acids | incomplete
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| There are few of these essential nutrients and they are easy to obtain in seeds and grain | fatty acids
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| The four essential nutrients are _____fatty acids, vitamins ,and minerals | amino acids
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| ____ are Organic compounds that are either H2O- or fat-soluble | vitamins
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| the fat soluble vitamin ___ is responsible for visual pigments | A
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| the fat soluble vitamin____ is responsible for blood clotting | K
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| the fat soluble vitamin____is responsible for hormone function/bone production | D
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| the fat soluble vitamin___ is responsible for the nervous system | E
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| the H2O soluble vitamin____ is responsible for coenzymes | B
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| the H2O soluble vitamin ____ is responsible for collagen production | C
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| ____ are Inorganic substances that are important in variety of body functions and many are important enzyme _____ | minerals,cofactors
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| _____ occurs when a diet is lacking one or more essential nutrients | malnutrition
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| ______ occurs when a diet is lacking in required amounts of chemical energy | undernutrition
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| some animals are deposit feeders/ substrate feeders which means they..... | eat
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| ____satisfy their nutritional needs by sucking body fluids from other organisms | fluid feeders
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| ______ ingest large pieces of food | bulk feeders
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| In most animals, the vast majority of digestion is extracellular and occurs inside the digestive tube also known as _____ | alimentary canal
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| sphincters are _____ that control the progress of food through the tract | muscles
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| digestion in organs is aided by ______ | accessory glands
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| food is passed through a series of specialized digestive organs by ______ which is contractions of ______ muscle | peristalsis,smooth
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| all digestive vessels lead to liver via ____ vein | hepatic portal
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| chylomicrons are H2O-soluble_____ | globules
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| Major function of the colon is to ..... | reabsorb H2O
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| carnivores have ______ stomachs and _____ (longer/shorter) tracts | expanable,shorter
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| herbivores have _____(longer/shorter) tracts and have a much better developed cecum to produce ______ l | cellulose
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| ruminants rely heavily on mutualisms which have ____ chambered stomachs like deer, sheep, cattle | four
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| excess chemical energy in animals is stored as _____ in muscle and liver cells | glycogen
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| any excess glycogen is stored as ___ cells | fat
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| all body tissues require glucose for ______ | cellular respiration
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| when blood glucose rises after eating, the hormone _____ is released by pancreas which causes the liver to build ____ from glucose | insulin,glycogen
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| when blood glucose drops, _____ is released by pancreas liver breaks down glycogen, releasing glucose | glucagon
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| obesity is a result of _____ | overnurishment
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