Inheritance Patterns
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| Autosomes | Chromosomes with normal genes and proteins
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| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine if the person is male or female
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| Sex-linked traits | Traits coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome
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| Mendel | Came up with Law of Independent Assortment
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| Morgan | Came up with concept of linked genes
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| Linked genes | are inherited together often because they are so close together on chromosome
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| Chromosomal map | diagram to show the linear order of genes on a chromosome
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| Map unit | frequency of crossing over as one percent
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| Mutation | any change in the DNA sequence
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| Germ-cell mutation | mutation in the gametes
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| Somatic cell mutation | mutation in the body cells
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| Deletion | chromosomal mutation- gene is lost
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| Inversion | chromosomal mutation- gene is flipped around
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| Translocation | chromosomal mutation- gene is moved somewhere else
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| Duplication | chromosomal mutation- gene is repeated
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| Point mutation | gene mutation- base is switched, deleted, or inserted
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| Frameshift mutation | gene mutation- incorrect grouping of the codons, gets wrong amino acid
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| Pedigree | diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations
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| Autosomal dominant | type of pedigree- trait seen in every generation
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| Autosomal recessive | type of pedigree- trait normally seen in every other generation
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| Sex-linked | type of pedigree- trait depends on X and Y chromosomes
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| Polygenetic inheritance | traits are influenced by several genes
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| Complex characters inheritance | traits are influenced by genetics and environment (usually nutrition)
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| Multiple alleles inheritance | more than two options for alleles
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| Single-alleles inheritance | only one allele- either you have it or you don't
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| X-linked inheritance | found more often in males than females
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| Codominance | shows both versions equally
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| Incomplete dominance | shows a mix of the versions
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| Epigenetics | coming somewhere other than inherited genes
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| Epistasis | multiple traits can mask each other
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| Pleiotropy | one gene affects several traits
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| Genetic screening | examining the genetic makeup
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| Amniocentesis | removing amniotic fluid to test for genetic disorders in the fetus
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| Chorionic villi sampling | removing cells from between the uterus and placenta to test for genetic disorders
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| Karyotype | micrograph of the chromosomes in a cell from metaphase
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| Genetic counseling | process of informing a person of their genetic makeup to make mathematical guesses, based on Punnett squares, pedigrees, and family history
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Created by:
alicemb00
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