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Biology Ch. 12
Inheritance Patterns
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autosomes | Chromosomes with normal genes and proteins |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine if the person is male or female |
| Sex-linked traits | Traits coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome |
| Mendel | Came up with Law of Independent Assortment |
| Morgan | Came up with concept of linked genes |
| Linked genes | are inherited together often because they are so close together on chromosome |
| Chromosomal map | diagram to show the linear order of genes on a chromosome |
| Map unit | frequency of crossing over as one percent |
| Mutation | any change in the DNA sequence |
| Germ-cell mutation | mutation in the gametes |
| Somatic cell mutation | mutation in the body cells |
| Deletion | chromosomal mutation- gene is lost |
| Inversion | chromosomal mutation- gene is flipped around |
| Translocation | chromosomal mutation- gene is moved somewhere else |
| Duplication | chromosomal mutation- gene is repeated |
| Point mutation | gene mutation- base is switched, deleted, or inserted |
| Frameshift mutation | gene mutation- incorrect grouping of the codons, gets wrong amino acid |
| Pedigree | diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| Autosomal dominant | type of pedigree- trait seen in every generation |
| Autosomal recessive | type of pedigree- trait normally seen in every other generation |
| Sex-linked | type of pedigree- trait depends on X and Y chromosomes |
| Polygenetic inheritance | traits are influenced by several genes |
| Complex characters inheritance | traits are influenced by genetics and environment (usually nutrition) |
| Multiple alleles inheritance | more than two options for alleles |
| Single-alleles inheritance | only one allele- either you have it or you don't |
| X-linked inheritance | found more often in males than females |
| Codominance | shows both versions equally |
| Incomplete dominance | shows a mix of the versions |
| Epigenetics | coming somewhere other than inherited genes |
| Epistasis | multiple traits can mask each other |
| Pleiotropy | one gene affects several traits |
| Genetic screening | examining the genetic makeup |
| Amniocentesis | removing amniotic fluid to test for genetic disorders in the fetus |
| Chorionic villi sampling | removing cells from between the uterus and placenta to test for genetic disorders |
| Karyotype | micrograph of the chromosomes in a cell from metaphase |
| Genetic counseling | process of informing a person of their genetic makeup to make mathematical guesses, based on Punnett squares, pedigrees, and family history |
Created by:
alicemb00
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