Pharmacological management
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| Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents | Reduce peripheral vascular tone by blocking alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. This causes dilation of arterioles and veins and decreases BP. Indications: HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Agents | Decrease BP and afterload by suppressing the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Indications: HTN, CHF
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| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents | Blocks angiotensin II receptors which limit vasoconstriction and stimulation of vascular tissue. Indications: HTN, CHF
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| Sodium channel blockers | Antiarrhythmic agent that control cardiac excitation and conduction. Example: Lidocaine
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| Beta blockers | Antiarrhythmic agent inhibits sympathetic activity by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. Example: Atenolol
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| Prolong repolarization | Antiarrhythmic agent by inhibiting both potassium and sodium channels and are often considered the most effective anti arrhythmic agent. Example: Cordarone (amiodarone)
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| Calcium channel blockers | Antiarrhythmic agent depress depolarization and slow conduction through the AV node. Example: Cardizem (diltiazem)
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| Anticoagulant agents | Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Indication: Post PTCA and CABG surgery, prevention of venous thromboembolism and cardioembolic events in pts w/ a-fib and prosthetic heart valves.
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| Antihyperlipidemia agents | Statins - inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis, break down LDLs, decrease triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels. Indications: hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent coronary events
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| Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) agents | Inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation. Indications: post-MI, a-fib, prevent arterial thrombus formation
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| Beta Blocker agents (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking agents) | Decrease the myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing HR and contractility by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. Indications: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, HF, migraines, essential tremor
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| Calcium channel blocker agents | Blocks entry of calcium into vascular smooth mm cells resulting in diminished myocardial contraction, vasodilation, and decreased oxygen demand of the heart. Indications: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, CHF
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| Diuretic agents | Increases the excretion of sodium and urine. Causes a reduction in plasma volume which decreases BP. Indications: HTN, edema assoc. w/ HF, pulmonary edema, glaucoma
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| Nitrate agents | Decrease ischemia through smooth mm relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels. Indications: angina pectoris
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| Positive Inotropic Agents | Increase the force and velocity of myocardial contraction, slow the HR, decrease conduction velocity through the AV node, and decrease the degree of activation of the SNS. Indications: HF, A-fib
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| Thrombolytic Agents | Facilitate clot dissolution through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin breaks down clots and allows occluded vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow. Indications: acute MI, PE, ischemic stroke, arterial and venous thrombosis
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