Archaea vs Bacteria
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| How did they conclude that Archaea was different from bacteria? | Using DNA sequences, they found that archaea and bacteria were different.
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| What is the morphology like for Archaea and Bacteria? (forms and aggregations) | Their forms include:
Cocci: Spherical shaped
Bacilli: Rod shaped
Sprial
Their aggregations include:
Diplo-: 2 in a chain
Strepto-: +2 in a chain
Staphylo-: group/cluster
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| What is the differences of nutrition between bacteria and archaea? | Only archaea has the metabolism of methanogenesis
Creates methane gas as by product
anaerobic
live in digestive tracts of animals
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| What are the similarities of nutrition between bacteria and archaea? | Photosynthesize
consumes other organisms
Obtain energy from inorganic compounds (Fe, H2S)
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| What are the habitats of bacteria? | Bacteria are mesophiles
live in environments with moderate conditions
some extremophile bacteria though
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| What are the habitats of Archaea? | Archaea are extremophiles
Live in extreme environments
Thermophile: heat tolerant
Acidophile: tolerates low pH levels
Halophile: tolerates a lot of salt
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| How do bacteria and archaea reproduce? | They reproduce asexually by binary fission
copies it's chromosome and divides into 2
Cell elongates separating the 2 chromosomes
A septum forms between the 2 chromosomes
Septum completes formation to create cell wall
Cell separates
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| What is conjugation? | Exchanges some/all of their DNA
allows for genetic variation
binary fission occurs after conjugation
May help survival
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| What are plasmids? | small loops of DNA w/genes
separate from the chromosome
Can split and/or rejoin chromosome
can be transferred to other cells during conjugation
Helps genetic variation
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| What are endospores? | Bacteria only
hard-walled structures protecting the cell's genetic material
resists harsh conditions
formed in harsh conditions threatening survival
when conditions are safe, endospore germinates into active bacterium
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| How are bacteria classified/identified? | Gram-Positive:
Cell wall w/ thick protein layer
Stains Purple
Gram-negative:
Cell wall w/ thin protein layer
Stains pink
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| How are prokaryotes classified/identified? | size
Shape
nutrition
DNA
movement
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| How does bacteria impact us? | causes food poisoning
causes infection
breaks down organic materials for us to use
Produces O2 w/ photosynthesis (cyanobacteria)
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| How does archaea impact us? | Enzymes in archaea help them withstand extreme conditions.
uses the enzymes for DNA analysis and diagnosing diseases
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) produces millions of copies of a DNA sequence
Normal enzymes would be destroyed, not archaea
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Created by:
Jtboner
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