Social Psychology
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| Social Psychology | Branch of psychology that studies the effect of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions
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| Social Context | Combination of people, the activities and interactions among people, the setting in which behavior occurs, and the expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting
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| Situationism | View that environmental conditions influence people's behavior as much as or more than their personal dispositions do
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| Social Role | One of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group
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| Script | Cluster of knowledge about the sequences of events and actiosn expected to occur in a particular setting
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| Social Norms | Group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its member's attitudes and behaviors
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| Asch Effect | Form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements
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| Conformity | Tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group
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| Diffusion of Responsibility | Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members
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| Social Reality | Individual's subjective interpretation of other people and of relationships with them
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| Reward Theory of Attraction | Social-learning view that says we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost
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| Principle of Proximity | Notion that people at work will make more friends among those who are nearby with who they have the most contact. Proximity means nearness
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| Similarity Principle | Notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves
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| Matching Hypothesis | the Prediction that most people will find friends and mates that are perceived to be of about their same level of attractiveness
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| Expectancy-Value Theory | Theory in social psychology that people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the relationship
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| Cognitive Dissonance | Highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes
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| Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) | Tendency to emphasize internal causes and ignore external pressures. The FAE is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic culture
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| Self-Serving Bias | Attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for failure
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| Prejudice | Negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group
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| Discrimination | Negative action toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group
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| In-Group | Group with which an individual identifies
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| Social Distance | Perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person
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| Out-Group | Outside the group with which an individual identifies
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| Scapegoating | Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles
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| Social Facilitation | Increase in an individual's performance because of being in a group
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| Social Loafing | Decrease in performance because of being in a group
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| Deindividuation | Occurs when group members lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior
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| Group Polarization | When individuals in a group have similar, though not identical, views, their opinions become more extreme
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| Groupthink | Excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members
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| Romantic Love | Temporary and highly emotional condition based on infatuation and sexual desire
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| Triangular Theory of Love | Theory that describes various kids of love in terms of three components: passion(erotic attraction); intimacy (sharing feelings and confidences); and commitment (dedication to putting htis relationship first in one's life)
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| Violence and Aggression | Terms that refer to behavior that is intended to cause harm
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| Cohesiveness | Solidarity, loyalty, and a sense of group membership
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| Mutual Independence | Shared sense that individuals or groups need each other in order to achieve common goals
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| Terrorism | Use of violent, unpredictable acts by a small group against a larger group for political, economic, or religious goals.
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