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MrsVanDyke Chapter12
Social Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | Branch of psychology that studies the effect of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions |
| Social Context | Combination of people, the activities and interactions among people, the setting in which behavior occurs, and the expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting |
| Situationism | View that environmental conditions influence people's behavior as much as or more than their personal dispositions do |
| Social Role | One of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group |
| Script | Cluster of knowledge about the sequences of events and actiosn expected to occur in a particular setting |
| Social Norms | Group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its member's attitudes and behaviors |
| Asch Effect | Form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements |
| Conformity | Tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members |
| Social Reality | Individual's subjective interpretation of other people and of relationships with them |
| Reward Theory of Attraction | Social-learning view that says we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost |
| Principle of Proximity | Notion that people at work will make more friends among those who are nearby with who they have the most contact. Proximity means nearness |
| Similarity Principle | Notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves |
| Matching Hypothesis | the Prediction that most people will find friends and mates that are perceived to be of about their same level of attractiveness |
| Expectancy-Value Theory | Theory in social psychology that people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the relationship |
| Cognitive Dissonance | Highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes |
| Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) | Tendency to emphasize internal causes and ignore external pressures. The FAE is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic culture |
| Self-Serving Bias | Attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for failure |
| Prejudice | Negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group |
| Discrimination | Negative action toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group |
| In-Group | Group with which an individual identifies |
| Social Distance | Perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person |
| Out-Group | Outside the group with which an individual identifies |
| Scapegoating | Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles |
| Social Facilitation | Increase in an individual's performance because of being in a group |
| Social Loafing | Decrease in performance because of being in a group |
| Deindividuation | Occurs when group members lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior |
| Group Polarization | When individuals in a group have similar, though not identical, views, their opinions become more extreme |
| Groupthink | Excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members |
| Romantic Love | Temporary and highly emotional condition based on infatuation and sexual desire |
| Triangular Theory of Love | Theory that describes various kids of love in terms of three components: passion(erotic attraction); intimacy (sharing feelings and confidences); and commitment (dedication to putting htis relationship first in one's life) |
| Violence and Aggression | Terms that refer to behavior that is intended to cause harm |
| Cohesiveness | Solidarity, loyalty, and a sense of group membership |
| Mutual Independence | Shared sense that individuals or groups need each other in order to achieve common goals |
| Terrorism | Use of violent, unpredictable acts by a small group against a larger group for political, economic, or religious goals. |
Created by:
MrsVanDyke
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