Pharmacology
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| Effects on Brainstem: | Drugs suppress sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels. DC HR, contractility, Vasodilation.
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| Dilation of arterioles reduces | Vascular resistance
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| Dilation of veins reduces | Venous blood flow to the heart
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| Effects on Sympathetic Ganglia | Reduces sympathetic stimulation to heart and blood vessels
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| Effects on terminals of Adrenergic Nerves: | Decreases norepinephrine release from adrenergic nerves- decreased stimulation of sympathetic stimulation.
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| Effects of Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors on the heart | Blockage of beta 1 prevents sympathetic stimulation to the heart.
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| Effects of Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptors on blood vessels | Blockage of Alpha 1 promotes dilation of arterioles and veins.
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| Effects of Vascular Smooth Muscle | Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle causing relaxation.
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| Effects of Renal Tubules | Acts on renal tubules to promote salt and water excretion- Decreases blood volume.
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| Effects of Beta1 receptors on Juxtaglomerular Cells | Blockage of this suppresses renin release and angiotension 2-peripheral/renal vasodilation, suppression of aldosterone-mediated volume expansion.
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| Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme: | Inhibits ACE suppressing formation of angiotensin 2.
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| Angiotensin 2 Receptors: | Blockage of these receptors prevents action of angiotensin 2.
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| Effects of Aldosterone Receptors: | Blockage of this promotes excretion of sodium and water.
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| What is Renal Regulation? | Result of lower GFR, retention of Na, Cl, and H20.-- increased volume, cardiac output and BP.
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| What is a diuretic? | Drugs that increases urine output. Mainstay of antihypertensive therapy, can be used alone or to enhance effects of HTN drugs.
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| What does diuretics treat? | HTN and mobilization of edematous fluid- associated with Heart Failure, cirrhosis and kidney failure.
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| What do sympatholytic (antidiuretic drugs) do? | Suppress influence of the SNS on the heart, blood vessels, and other structures. Widely used in HTN.
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