All the vocabulary for the Genetics Unit
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Heredity | The inheritance of traits
from parents to offspring
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| Genotype | An organism's GENES (letters)
EE, Ee, ee
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| Phenotype | An organism's PHYSICAL appearance
(observable traits)
Eye color, hair color, stem length
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| Gene | A sequence of bases or code in an organism's DNA that codes
for a specific trait
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| Allele | Alternative forms of the same gene
( ex: B=brown eyes, b=blue eyes)
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| Homozygous | Two of the same allele (BB or bb)
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| Heterozygous | Two different alleles (Bb)
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| Dominant | Alleles/genes that overpower or mask the
effect of a recessive allele
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| Recessive | Alleles that are hidden when a dominant
allele is present.
The only way to observe the this is when both alleles are recessive (bb)
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| Gregor Mendel | The "Father of Genetics." He experimented
on pea plants.
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| Law of Dominance | Dominant genes mask recessive genes.
The only way to see recessive genes is to have only recessive
genes.
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| Law of Segregation | There are 2 copies of each gene. In meiosis, each gene in a pair separate so that each sex cell has half the DNA.
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| Incomplete Dominance | Complex genetics where each each gene is not completely dominant over the other.
When both alleles are present you get a BLEND. Red flowers crossed with White makes PINK
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| Codominance | Complex genetics where each gene is equally dominant over the other. When both alleles are present you SEE BOTH traits.
Black chicken crossed with White makes a black and white chicken.
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| Blood Types | Co-dominance where A is codominant to B,
and O is recessive
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| Mutation | A mistake in the DNA genetic code.
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| Carrier | A person who appears normal, but carries a recessive allele that they could pass to their offspring.
Aa= Shows dominant trait, carries recessive allele
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| Law of Independent Assortment | Genes from different traits are inherited independently of each other.
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| F1 generation | When you cross homozygous dominant with homozygous recessive: BB x bb
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| F2 generation | The cross between offspring of the F1 generation. Usually always heterozygous: Bb x Bb
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Created by:
Rylands
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