DNA replication & Protein Synthesis Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| purines | A;G; two rings
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| pyrimidines | T;C;U; one ring
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| Griffith | Mice experiment proved bacteria could get traits from other bacteria by transforming their traits.
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| Avery, McCarty & MacLeod | Proved transforming agent was nucleic acid.
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| Hershey & Chase | "Blender Experiment" with bacteriophages; proved DNA is hereditary material
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| Wilkins & Franklin | used x-ray crystallography; produced a picture of DNA
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| Watson & Crick | used Wilkins & Franklin's picture to create model; showed double helix and base pairs
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| Ribosomal RNA | major component of ribosomes
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| Transfer RNA | folded upon itself; carries the amino acids to the mRNA (ribosome where it is located)
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| Messenger RNA | sequence of nucleotides that determines the primary sequence of the polypeptide; made in the nucleus from the DNA; transcription
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| snRNA | forms the "splicesomes" - which are used to cut out intons from pre-mRNA
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| siRNA (small-interferring) | targets specific mRNA and prohibits it from being expressed
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| activator | bind to regulatory switches in a sequence-specific manner
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| mediators | bring bound activators in contact with proteins bound to the promoter
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| DNa polymerase | helps make the new matching DNA strand by adding nucleotides one at a time and joining each new nucleotide the the previous nucleotide int he growing DNA strand.
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| helicase | unwinds parental double helix at replication forks
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| single-strand binding protein | binds to an stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it is used as a template
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| topoisomerase | relieves overwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
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| primase | synthesizes an RNA primer at 5' end of leading strand and at 5' end of each Okazaki fragment of lagging strand
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| DNA pol III | Using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand
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| DNA pol I | REmoves RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
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| DNA ligase | Joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand; on leading strand, joins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand DNA
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| A site | holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added to chain
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| P site | holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain
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| E site | Empty tRNA leaves ribosome from exit site
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| missense | change amino acid to amino acid
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| nonsense | change from amino acid to stop codon
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| RNA primer | formed from RNA nucleotide bonds to start strand
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| RNA polymerase | lays down the nucleotides 5' to 3' direction
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| central dogma | flow of genetic information in a cell
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| promoter region | biding site before beginning of a gene; TATA box; binding site for RNA polymerase & transcription factors
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| enhancer region | binding site far upsream of gene; speeds up process
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| transcription factors | turn on or off transctipion; triggers the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA; bind to promoter region of DNA
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| initiation | tRNA carrying an amino acid comes in P-stie and bonds by base pairing its ancitcodon witht the mRNA start codon
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| Elongation | the second tRNA then comes into A-site and bods to codon of mRNA
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| termination | ribosome continues reading mRNA untial a stop codon is reached
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| nucleosomes | histone proteins
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