Chapters 6, 9, & 10 (Cellular Energetics)
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| If a plant appears reddish yellos what wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? | red and yellow
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| What are the products of noncyclic photophosphorylation? | ATP and NADPH
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| An organism is discovered that consumes a lot of sugar, yet does not gain much weight when denied air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as air is removed from the organism's enviroment, still thrives in absence of air.What is it? | facultative anaerobe
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| What is a chemical reaction that has a positive change G? | endergonic
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| Are CO2, RuBP, and ATP all neccesary for the Calvin cycle? | yes
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| What is the thermodynamic barrier that reactants capable of interacting must overcome to form products in a chemical reaction called? | activation energy
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| How does fat leave the body of a person who is on a low carb diet? | it is released as CO2 and H2O
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| What is thought to be one of the first metabolic pathway to have evolved? | glycolisis
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| Where does carbon fixation take place in C4 photosynthesis? | mesophyll cells
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| Where is the carbon transfered as malic or aspartic acid in C4 photosynthesis? | bundle-sheath cells
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| What process stores energy in complex organic molecules? | photosynthesis
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| What process releases energy from complex organic molecules? | respiration
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| What do mitochondria and chloroplast have in commom? (Hint: two answers) | chemiosmosis & ATP synthase
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| What is regenerated from NADH during alcohol fermintation? | NAD+
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| What is reduced from ethanol in alcohol femintation? | acetaldehyde
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| What are C4 plants able to do with no apparent photorespiration? | photosynthesize
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| What do C4 plants initially fix to CO2? | PEP carboxylase
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| What is ATP made during glycolisis generated by? | chemiosmosis
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| Fermintation occurs in the absense of what? | oxygen
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| What is produced as the result of yeast cells undergoing the process of fermentation? (Hint: 3 answers) | ATP, pyruvate, oxygen
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| Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome what type of inhibition? | competitive inhibition
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| What is light energy used for during photosynthesis? | excite electrons
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| Where do enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place? | stroma of the chloroplast
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| What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplast involve the establishment of? | proton gradient
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| What metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? | glycolysis
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| What substance generally energizes a cellular process by couplin free energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions? | ATP
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| What is the term for the metabolic pathway in which glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide and water? | cellular respiration
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| Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into what location? | mitochondrial intdrmembrane space
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| What are the "net" products of glycolisis? | 2NADH, NH+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, & 2 H2O
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| Where does glycolysis take place? | cytosol
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| What is the region of the enzyme that is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme? | active site
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| What are the two locations in which ATP synthase complexes located? | thylakoid membrane & inner mitochondrial membrane
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| During glycolysis most of the where is most of the energy of glucose retained? | pyruvate
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| During glycolysis what is glucose catabolized to? | pyruvate
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| What are the two products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle? | ATP & NADPH
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| The direct energy that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is what? | the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondiral membrane
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| When do CAM plants keep their stomata closed? | daytime
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| What do CAM plants fix CO2 into during the night? | organic acids
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| What intermediary metabolite enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon from one molecule of pyruvate? | acetyl CoA
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| Each time a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules are required? | 6
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| What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? | synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide
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| What is synthesized from carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle? | simple sugars
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| What requires ATP; light reactions or the Calvin cycle? | Calvin cycle
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| What requires glucose; light reactions or the Calvin cycle? | neither light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
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| What produces three carbon sugars; light reactions or the Calvin cycle? | Calvin cycle
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| What requires CO2; light reactions or the Calvin cycle? | Calvin cycle
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| What produces NADPH; light reaction or the Calvin cycle? | light reactions
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| What is a proton gradient in mitochondria is generated by during aerobic respiration? | electron transport chain
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| What is a proton gradient primarily used for during aerobic respiration? | ATP synthase
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| Where does the Calvin cycle take place? | stroma of the chloroplast
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| What are the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calcin cycle? | ATP & NADPH
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| How many electrons does the light energy excite during the light reactions? | 2
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| What are stacks of thylakoid called? | grana
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| How many membranes does chloroplast have? | 2
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| Where do the dark reactions of the chloroplast take place? | stroma
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| Where do the light reactions of the chloroplast take place? | thylakoid membrane
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| What is being oxidized in photosynthysis? | H2O
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| What is being reduced in photosynthysis? | CO2
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| What organisms create their own food? | authotrophs
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| What organisms eat other organism for food? | heterotrophs
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| When trees loose their leaves do they cease to carry out photosynthesis until spring? | yes
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| How is CO2 related to the rate of photsynthesis? | directly
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| How is the amount of light related to the rate of photosynthesis? | directly
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| How is water availabiliyt related to the rate of photosynthesis? | directly
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| How is temperature related to the rate of photosynthesis? | directly
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| How many phases does the Calvin cycle have? | 3
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| What is the first phase of the Calvin cycle? | carbon fixation
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| What is the second phase of the Calvin cycle? | reduction
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| What is the third phase of the Calvin cycle? | regeneration of RuBP
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| What type of electron flow uses only one photosytem? | cyclic
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