Chapters: 19,20,21,22
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| Branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms. | Taxonomy
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| The scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet. | Binomial nomenclature
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| Why are the scientific names in Latin? | The natural groups classification reflects the evolutionary history of organisms and the development of DNA sequencing helped create more accurate classifications.
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| List the classification Hierarchy | Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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| Which is the most inclusive and least inclusive of the classification hierarchy? | Most Inclusive: Domain
Least Inclusive: Species
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| List the 3 domains and the four kingdoms in one of the domains. | Domains: Bacteria
Archeae
Eukarya: Plant
Animal
Protists
Fungi
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| Traits that are found in a common ancestor and its descendants. | Ancestral traits
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| Structural, physiological, or behavioral trait that is present in a specific lineage and is not present in the common ancestor for several related lineages. | Derived traits
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| A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent among a group of organisms | Phylogenetic tree
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| A structure that is similar in different types of organisms because these organisms are from a common ancestor. | Homologous structure
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| Structure that has a similar function in separate lineages but differs in anatomy and ancestry. | Analogous structure
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| What three traits are used to categorize a virus? | Capsid: outer layer some enveloped by membrane; others naked
Nucleic acid pore: DNA or RNA
Shape: polyhedral, helical, spherical
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| What is an obligate intercellular parasite? | Viruses, which cannot replicate outside a living cell
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| What is a bacteriophage? | Viruses that infect bacterial cells
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| The virus takes over the operation of the bacterium immediately upon entering it and subsequently destroys the bacterium. | Lytic cycle
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| The virus incorporates its DNA into that of a bacterium; occurs preliminary to the lytic cycle | Lysogenic cycle
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| What are the five stages of the lytic cycle? | 1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Biosynthesis
4. Maturation
5. Release
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| Organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus and the membranous organelles typical of eukaryotes. Movement by some type of flagella | Prokaryote
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| Extrachromosomal ring of accessory DNA in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. | Plasmid
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| How do bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
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| Three methods of genetic recombination | 1. Conjugation
2. Transformation
3. Transduction
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| Three shapes of bacteria | Spirillum (spiral shaped)
Bacilli (rod-shaped)
Cocci (spherical)
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| Decomposers that break down organic matter from dead organisms | Saprotroph
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| What is another term for a parasite that causes a disease? | Pathogen
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| What type of bacteria is photoautotrophic? | Cyanobacteria
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| Three types of living conditions of archaea (extremophiles) | 1. Methanogens (obligate anaerobes) found in swamps, marshes, intestinal tracts
2. Halophiles: require high salt concentrations
3. Thermoacidophiles: thrive in extremely hot, acidic environments (hot springs, geysers, thermal vents, and volcanoes.
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| What type of green algae uses conjugation tubes? | Spirogyra
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| Used to make agar, capsules for vitamins, anti drying agent for baked goods, jellies, and desserts to set rapidly. | Red algae
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| Used filtering agents, sound proofing materials, and polishing abrasives such as those found in silver polish and toothpaste. | Diatoms
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| "Red tide". Causes massive fish kills, releases powerful neurotoxin (saxitoxin), can cause shellfish poisoning (respiratory paralysis) | Overgrowth of dinoflagellates
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| Micro-nucleus is used for in ciliates (paramecium)? | Reproduction
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| Macro-nucleus is used for in ciliates (paramecium)? | Metabolism
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| What organism is responsible for Malaria? | Plasmodium
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| What organism is responsible for Toxoplasmosis? | Toxoplasma (apicomplexan)
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| What organism is responsible for Vaginitis? | Parabasalids
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