SLS Bio12 Digestion HH
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| absorption | cells moving across the tissues or organs into cells through diffusion; e.g. absorption of nutrients
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| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that are capable of living in the absence of oxygen
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| anus | opening at the end of the alimentary canal where solid waste exits
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| appendix | the tube shaped sac at the lower end of the large intestine which serves no purpose to us
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| bile | produced by the gall bladder and is used in digestion to emulsify lipids
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| capillary | any fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venuoles; brings in other nutrients than fat
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| cardiac sphincter | ring of muscle at the top of the stomach that prevents food from moving back up the esophagus
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| chemical digestion | chemicals in the body separate large food molecules into smaller ones
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| digestive enzyme | enzymes that break down polymers into monomers
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| digestive tract | the series of organs in the digestive system through which food passes
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| duodenum | first part of the small intestine
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| emulsification | the breakdown of fat molecules using bile
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| epiglottis | a flap of cartilage used to cover the wind pipe when swallowing
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| esophagus | connects the throat to the stomach
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| gall bladder | secrets bile; located beneath the liver
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| gastric juice | a thin, clear and colourless acidic fluid used in promoting digestion
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| hydrochloric acid (HCL) | secreted into the stomach to create an acidic environment
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| insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels
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| intestinal juice | secreted into the small intestine which includes enzymes such as trypsin and lipase
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| lacteals | in the villa which absorbs the digested fat
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| large intestine (colon) | used to reabsorb water and to compact undigested food
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| lipase | an enzyme that is used to break down fats in the small intestine, secreted by the pancreas
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| liver | an organ that helps digestion by removing waste products
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| maltase | an enzyme that breaks down maltose
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| microvillus | a number of small finger like projections to increase surface area on the villus
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| nuclease | an enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids
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| pancreas | a large organ that secretes many of digestive enzymes into the duodenum
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| pancreatic amylase | an enzyme that is used to break down starch
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| pancreatic juice | a clear alkaline digestive fluid
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| pepsin | an enzyme used to break down proteins into polypeptides
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| pepsinogen | inactive form of pepsin; converted using an acid
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| peptidase | an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids
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| peristalsis | an involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles which helps move the food contents forward
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| pH | the logarithmic function that measure the amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
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| pharynx | the cavity behind the nose and mouth connecting them to the esophagous
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| physical digestion | the breakdown of food with chemical reactions
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| protease | an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides
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| pyloric sphincter | a ring of muscle at the bottom of the stomach that controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine
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| rectum | the final section of the large intestine connected to the anus
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| salivary amylase | an enzyme in the mouth the digests starch
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| salivary gland | the glands that secrete saliva into your mouth
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| salivary juice/saliva | contains water, mucous and salivary enzymes
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| small intestine | runs between the stomach and the large intestine, most digestion occur here
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| sodium bicarbonate | used to neutralize the action of the digestive juices
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| stomach | an organ that stores and mixes food
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| swallowing | to pass something down the throat
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| trypsin | an enzyme that breaks down proteins
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| villus | a number of small fingerlike projections that increase the surface area
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