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SLS Bio12DigestionHH
SLS Bio12 Digestion HH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorption | cells moving across the tissues or organs into cells through diffusion; e.g. absorption of nutrients |
| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that are capable of living in the absence of oxygen |
| anus | opening at the end of the alimentary canal where solid waste exits |
| appendix | the tube shaped sac at the lower end of the large intestine which serves no purpose to us |
| bile | produced by the gall bladder and is used in digestion to emulsify lipids |
| capillary | any fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venuoles; brings in other nutrients than fat |
| cardiac sphincter | ring of muscle at the top of the stomach that prevents food from moving back up the esophagus |
| chemical digestion | chemicals in the body separate large food molecules into smaller ones |
| digestive enzyme | enzymes that break down polymers into monomers |
| digestive tract | the series of organs in the digestive system through which food passes |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine |
| emulsification | the breakdown of fat molecules using bile |
| epiglottis | a flap of cartilage used to cover the wind pipe when swallowing |
| esophagus | connects the throat to the stomach |
| gall bladder | secrets bile; located beneath the liver |
| gastric juice | a thin, clear and colourless acidic fluid used in promoting digestion |
| hydrochloric acid (HCL) | secreted into the stomach to create an acidic environment |
| insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels |
| intestinal juice | secreted into the small intestine which includes enzymes such as trypsin and lipase |
| lacteals | in the villa which absorbs the digested fat |
| large intestine (colon) | used to reabsorb water and to compact undigested food |
| lipase | an enzyme that is used to break down fats in the small intestine, secreted by the pancreas |
| liver | an organ that helps digestion by removing waste products |
| maltase | an enzyme that breaks down maltose |
| microvillus | a number of small finger like projections to increase surface area on the villus |
| nuclease | an enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids |
| pancreas | a large organ that secretes many of digestive enzymes into the duodenum |
| pancreatic amylase | an enzyme that is used to break down starch |
| pancreatic juice | a clear alkaline digestive fluid |
| pepsin | an enzyme used to break down proteins into polypeptides |
| pepsinogen | inactive form of pepsin; converted using an acid |
| peptidase | an enzyme that breaks down peptides into amino acids |
| peristalsis | an involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles which helps move the food contents forward |
| pH | the logarithmic function that measure the amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions |
| pharynx | the cavity behind the nose and mouth connecting them to the esophagous |
| physical digestion | the breakdown of food with chemical reactions |
| protease | an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides |
| pyloric sphincter | a ring of muscle at the bottom of the stomach that controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine |
| rectum | the final section of the large intestine connected to the anus |
| salivary amylase | an enzyme in the mouth the digests starch |
| salivary gland | the glands that secrete saliva into your mouth |
| salivary juice/saliva | contains water, mucous and salivary enzymes |
| small intestine | runs between the stomach and the large intestine, most digestion occur here |
| sodium bicarbonate | used to neutralize the action of the digestive juices |
| stomach | an organ that stores and mixes food |
| swallowing | to pass something down the throat |
| trypsin | an enzyme that breaks down proteins |
| villus | a number of small fingerlike projections that increase the surface area |
Created by:
hhenderson
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