LE Nutrition Digestion Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Ingestion | taking in of nutrients/food
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| mechanical digestion | physical breaking apart of large pieces to small pieces
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| chemical digestion | breaks large molecules (polymers) into small molecules (monomers); carbs --> simple sugars proteins --> amino acids lipids --> fatty acids & glycerol
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| absorption | transfer of small molecules across CELL membrane
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| mouth | site of ingestion; site of mechanical digestion & chemical digestion of carbohydrates/starches
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| epiglottis | flap that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering trachea
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| esophagus | tube that connects mouth (pharynx) to stomach
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| stomach | bag shaped organ; site of mechanical digestion (churning) & chemical digestion to form chyme; beginning of protein digestion
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| peristalsis | squeezing action that propels food through the esophagus
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| small intestines | absorption of nutrients & chemical digestion
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| large intestines | absorption of water
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| liver | produces bile and other enzymes, detoxifies blood
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| gall bladder | stores bile
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| pancreas | produces insulin & glucagon for the breakdown of glucose
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| rectum | storage place for feces
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| anus | sphincter that controls elimination of feces
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| chyme | partially digested food found in the stomach
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| bolus | small ball of chyme that enters small intestines
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| buffer | sodium bicarbonate neutralizes acidic chyme in small intestines
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| absorption | transfer of small molecules across CELL membrane
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| villi | fingerlike projections found in small intestines that increase surface area for absorption
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| 22. amylase | enzyme that breaks down starches; found in saliva (in mouth)
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| 23. lipase | enzyme that breaks down lipids (in small intestines)
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| 24. protease | enzyme that breaks down proteins (in stomach)
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| 25. bile | emulsifies lipids (breaks lipids to small particles); stored in gall bladder --> small intestines
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| 26. pepsin | enzyme that breaks down proteins (in stomach)
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| 27. pepsinogen | enzyme that breaks down proteins (in stomach)
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