BIO121-ch5
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| ecological succession | process by which an ecosystem matures; it is gradual, sequential, and somewhat predictable change in the composition of the community
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| ecosystem development | takes into account the accompanying modifications in the physical environment brought about by the actions of living organisms
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| primary succession | development of a new ecosystem in an area previously devoid of organisms
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| secondary succession | regrowth that occurs after an ecosystem has been disturbed, often by human activity
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| pioneer species | hardy organisms like lichens and microbes that are capable of becoming established on bare rock and beginning the soil-building process
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| climax community | association of organisms best adapted to the physical conditions of a define geographic area
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| ecotone | edge community
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| dynamic equilibrium | property of constant adjustment to change, maintaining an overall balance
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| feedback | any factor which influences the same trend that produced it
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| positive feedback | output that promotes a trend
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| resiliency | capacity of an ecosystem to undergo change and return to a similar, but not exact, system configuration
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| negative feedback | output that interferes with the trend which produced it
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| inertia | ability of an ecosystem to resist change
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| intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species
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| interspecific competition | competition between members of different species
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| niche | complete ecological description of an individual species, including all the physical, chemical, and biological factors that the species needs to survive and fulfill its role in the community
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| competitive exclusion principle | different species with similar requirements sometimes compete to the elimination of on of them
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| symbiosis | intimate association of 2 dissimilar species, regardless of the benefits or lack of them to both species
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| mutualism | an association of 2 species in which both benefit
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| commensalism | an association of 2 species in which one benefits and the other neigh benefits not is harmed
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| parasitism | association of 2 species in which one benefits and the other is harmed
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| - predation | one species consumes another
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| biotic potential | maximum growth rate that a population could achieve, given unlimited resources and ideal environmental conditions
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| environmental resistance | limiting factors
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| carrying capacity | the population size that can best be supported by the environment over time
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| density-dependent factors | biotic; their effect is greater when population density is high
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| density-independent factors | abiotic and independent of population size
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| diversity-stability hypothesis | biodiversity promotes resistance 2 disturbance cause species differ in traits more diverse ecosystems are likely 2 contain some species that can thrive during environmental disturbance, species should b able 2 compensate 4 species affected by disturbance
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| rivet hypothesis | likens species in an ecosystem to the rivets that hold together an airplane: Some species may be redundant, but others are not; therefore removing species beyond a threshold number may cause the ecosystem to collapse
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| redundancy hypothesis | contends that there is considerable overlap in the roles that species play within an ecosystem as long as others which play the same role persist
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| null hypothesis | ecosystem functions or processes are insensitive to the addition or deletion of species
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