BIO121-ch3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| species | includes all organisms of a particular kind that are capable of producing bible offspring (that is, individuals which can themselves produce offspring)
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| population | disting group of individuals of a species that live, interbreed, and interact in the same geographic area
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| habitat | place where the organism or population live
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| community | all the populations of organisms that live and interact in a given area at a given time
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| ecosystem | self-sustaining, self-regulating community of organism interacting with the physical environment within a defined geographic area
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| landscape | many ecosystems taken together
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| biome | consists of landscapes grouped across large terrestrial areas of the earth
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| biosphere | thin layer of air, water, and soil that surrounds the planet and contains the conditions to support life
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| energy | ability to do work—to move matter from place to place or to change matter from one form to another
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| first law of thermodynamics | (first law of energy) states during a physical/chemical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed—it may be changed in form and it may be moved from place to place
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| second law of thermodynamics | states that with each change in form, some energy is degraded to a less useful from and given off to the surroundings, usually as low-quality heat
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| entropy | consequence of the second law of thermodynamics, energy constantly flows from concentrated and organized form to a randomly-dispersed and disorganized form
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| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space
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| element | substance that cannot be changed to a simpler substance by chemical means
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| atom | smallest unit of an element that retains the unique characteristics of that element; it is the smallest particle of an element that can participate in a chemical reaction
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| molecule | smallest particle of a substance that has the composition and chemical properties of that substance and is capable of independent existence
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| compound | when 2+ elements chemically combine in definite proportions
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| organic compounds | compounds containing carbon
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| law of conservation of matter | during physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed—form can change, can be moved
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| macronutrients | chemicals needed by living organisms in large quantities for the construction of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
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| micronutrients | substances needed in trace amounts
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| producers | autotrophs
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| autotrophs | self-nourishing organisms—given water, nutrients and source of energy, they can produce compounds necessary for their survival
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| phototrophs | most producers, including green plants, algae and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
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| - photosynthesis | phototrophs use sun’s light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into complex chemical bonds forming simple carbohydrates like glucose and fructose
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| chemotrophs | autotrophs that use the energy found in inorganic chemical compounds for their energy needs
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| - chemosynthesis | convert energy in chemical bonds of hydrogen sulfide to make and store carbohydrates—gives off sulfur compounds into the water
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| phytoplankton | microscopic floating plants and algae, function as the major producers in aquatic systems
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| consumers | heterotrophs
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| heterotrophs | eat by engulfing or predigesting the fluids, cells, tissues, or water products of other organisms
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| macroconsumers | feed by ingesting or engulfing particles, parts, or entire bodies of other organisms, either living or dead
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| herbivores | primary consumers
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| primary consumers | eat producers directly
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| - carnivores | eat other animals
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| secondary consumers | secondary consumers
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| omnivores | consumers that eat both plants and animals
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| tertiary consumers | carnivores that eat secondary consumers
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| scavengers | those that consumer the entire dead organism
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| detritivores | detritus feeders
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| detritus feeders | consumers that ingest fragments of dead or decaying tissues or organic wastes
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| microconsumers | feed on tissues of the dead organism; they also consume the waste products of living things
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| decomposers | micro consumers that live on or within their food source
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| - limiting factors | abiotic and biotic regulators that determine the distribution nd success of living organisms
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| eutrophication | natural aging of a lake
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| law of tolerances | living organisms, populations, and communities have a range of tolerances for each of the abiotic limiting factors
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| - indicator species | species that indicates, by either its presence or absence, certain environmental conditions
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| prey | living organisms serve as food for other organisms
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| - predators | organisms that obtain their food by eating other living organisms
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| keystone species | species that has significant role in community organization due to its impact on other species
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tallzy14
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