EMT Studying
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periotoneal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sharp / Easily localized pain
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dul, poorly localized
🗑
|
||||
| Hematoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | should be protected and transported in dry cool setting. Putting directly on cold pack could freeze the part
🗑
|
||||
| show | Prevent heart from speeding up, or beating harder, - used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, protecting the heart from a second heart attack MI after a first heart attack, used to be used for high blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Appendicitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Stridor
🗑
|
||||
| show | are abnormal sounds that are heard over a patient's lungs and airways. These sounds include abnormal sounds such as fine and coarse crackles (crackles are also called rales), wheezes (sometimes called rhonchi), pleural rubs and stridor.
🗑
|
||||
| Lower Airway Issue | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fowlers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | position of a patient who is lying in bed in a supine position with the head of the bed at approximately 30 to 45 degrees. Upright at 90 degrees is full or high Fowler's position.
🗑
|
||||
| show | face upward
🗑
|
||||
| Prone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show | Back Flat - Feet Up
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bleeding from the nose
🗑
|
||||
| show | drug overdose, nerve gas pathological effects indicative of massive discharge of the parasympathetic nervous system - Salivation, Lacrimation(tearing), Urination, Defecation Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis (Vomiting) Miosis pupillary constriction
🗑
|
||||
| CO2 Poisoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | rapid trauma assessment - soft tissue injuries - Deformities & Discolorations
Crepitus & Contusions
Abrasion & Avulsion
Penetrations & Punctures
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling & Symmetry
🗑
|
||||
| show | pump problem – backup of fluid, pulmonary edema and hypotension – caused by reduced preload, high afterload or poor myocardial contracality S+S hypotension, cardiac hx, chest pain, respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, altered LOC
🗑
|
||||
| Obstructive Shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| cardiac tamponade | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tension pneumothorax | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – pipe (blood vessel) problem – widespread vasodilation - causes blood pooling or relative hypovolemia – Analphylactic shock, neurogenic, septic, psychogenic
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphylactic Shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – spinal cord damage, typically in cervical region – interrupts normal communication pathways between nervous systems – S+S – MOI:c-spine, hypotension, warm, normal skin, HR NOT tachycardic, Paralysis +resp paralysis
🗑
|
||||
| Septic Shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychogenic Shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fluid problem-Loss off blood, Dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea or burns- Common pedi and geriatric pts- S&Sx - Trauma, blunt or penetration - Bleeding, change LOC, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, Tachycardia pale cool skin, Week peripheral pulse, hypotension
🗑
|
||||
| show | Emphasis on high quality compressions -Rate at least 100/ min
Depth - 2 in for adults - At least 1/3 of chest for infants and pedis - 2 in for pedis - 1.5 inches for infants
Minimum interruptions - Max is 10 sec
30 COMPRESSIONs: 2 BREATHS — Always
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Aspirin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Normal Respiratory Rate & Rhythm | show 🗑
|
||||
| Oropharyngeal Airway | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Indications - Unresponsive pt without gag reflex or pts with decreased level of conciousness but with intact gag
Contraindications - concious pts who can protect their own airway - head or facial trauma - resistance to insertion - pts less then 1 year
🗑
|
||||
| show | is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | SCENE SIZE UP
• Scene Satey – Precautions (BSI)
• Determine # of pts and need for additional resources
• Consider MOI or NOI
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
• Assess and manage ABCs (CABs if pt is unresponsive)
• Simultaneious manual c-spine if precautions are
🗑
|
||||
| show | acute condition caused by bronchoconstriction & Excess mucus production – triggered by exercise. Allergic response and illness – wheezing on exhalation, abselt lung sounds in severe cases and coughing
🗑
|
||||
| show | Slow chromic disease that obstructs and damages the lower airways and alveoli – COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Largely due to cigarette smoking – often on home or portable Ox
🗑
|
||||
| Congestive Heart Failure | show 🗑
|
||||
| Croup | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Flail Chest | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Infection in the lungs – leading cause of pedi deaths worldwide – concern for any patient that aspirates
S&Sx
History of chronic or termina illness, productive cough, weekness, chest pain, fever, low pulse ox reading
🗑
|
||||
| show | Accumulation of air in the pleural space
Occurs spontaneously or as a result of trauma
Astham patients are at a high risk of spontaneous pnt
S&Sx
Hx of respiratory problems or thoracic trauma
Diminished or absent lung sounds in affected area
🗑
|
||||
| show | – accumularion of fluid in the lungs
Causes – CHF, toxic inhalation, disease trauma
S&Sx – cardiac hx, rales, pedal edema, orthopnea (dificulyry brearhing while lying down
🗑
|
||||
| show | – respiratory infection commin in infants and children – extremely contagious
S&Sx coldlike symptoms, poor fluid intake, signs of dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperventilation Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | - Transient Chest pain caused by a lack of 02 to the hearth muscle
• Usually caused by atherosclerosis ( buildup of plaque in a blood vessel that restricts or obstructs flow) in the coronary arteries
• Usually occurs during physical activity or stress a
🗑
|
||||
| show | death to an area of the myocardial muscle due to lack of oxygenated blood flow through the coronary arteries - dead myocardial tissue becomes scar tissue and cant contribute to cardiac contraction. Time is criritcal to restore blood flow and minimize car
🗑
|
||||
| Atypical Presentations of MI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – when ventricles aren’t able to keep up with the flow of blood coming to them
• RIGHT VENTRICLE - if pumps ineffectively blood backs up in the venous system that feeds the right heart
o Signs – JVD and Pedal Edema
• LEFT VENTRICLE – backs up the lun
🗑
|
||||
| show | – systolic greater then 140 mmHG and a Diastoluc above 90 mmHG
• Hypertensive Crisis – Systolic over 160 and diastolic over 94
o Pt might have associated symptoms or asymptomatic
o Asymptomatic pts should be evaluated by a physician
• S+Sx:Headache,
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Chest pain or other symptoms cardiac emergency should be high transport priority
• Consider nitroglycerin and aspirin
• Consider CPAPC or BiPAP for CHF
🗑
|
||||
| Stroke | show 🗑
|
||||
| Risk Factors CVA | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ischemic Strokes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Facial Droop – ask pt to smile
• Arm drift – close eyes while holding arms out front palms up (one arm will drift)
• Speech - ask pt. to repeat a given sentence - speech is slurred, pt unable to speak
🗑
|
||||
| Transient Ischemic Attack | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Causes by disorganized electrical activity in the brain- Phases – varies for pt- Aura phase – warning – pt may sense seizure - Tonic – muscle rigidity – incontinence - Tonic-clonic – uncontrolled muscle contraction and relaxation (pt. may be apneic) - Po
🗑
|
||||
| Generalized Seizures | show 🗑
|
||||
| Absence Seizures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | o No change in LOC, possible twitching/ sensory changes (no ful body convulsions
o Complex Partial Seizures – altered LOC, isolated twitching and sensory changes possible
🗑
|
||||
| Status epilepticus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Congenital problems, trauma, med conditions, alchoho, brain injury, tumor, diabetic emergency, epilepsy, fever, infection, insulin, poisoning/toxic exp., stroke, bio/chem weapons - Febrile seizures common in pedi pts. – typically do not present significa
🗑
|
||||
| show | – fainting – temporary loss of blood to brain
• Cardiac Emgr, hypotentsion, neuro problems, stress, diabetes, pregnancy, anemia, meds or toxic exposure
• Pts regain consciousness when they are supine and blood flow returns to brain
Assessment and Manag
🗑
|
||||
| Insulin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Glucagon | show 🗑
|
||||
| Regulation of Sugar | show 🗑
|
||||
| Glucose Levels | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Must (inject) supplemental insulin - Develops in pedis -genetic in most cases- present with the three Ps and high glucose levels
• Type 1 are high risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) if untreated
• High risk for insulin shock due to overdose
🗑
|
||||
| show | – non insulin dependent diabeties mellitus
• Don’t typically require supplemental insulin
• Combo of lifestyle and genetics
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Polyuria – excessive urination due to excess glucose in the urine
• Polydipsia – excessive thirst due to dehydration
• Polyphagia – excessive hunger due to cell starvation
🗑
|
||||
| Insulin Shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA_ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | high blood glucose above 350 - Deep Rapid Breaths -Kussmauls - The 3 Ps - Polydipsia – excessive thirst - Polyphagia – excessive hunger - Polyuria – excessive urination - Unusual odor on breath – fruity or acetonelike - Incontience - Tachycardia -Coma
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Similar to DKA but without the build up of ket0nes
• Occurs more frequently with type 2
🗑
|
||||
| Sedatives Narcotics Barbiturates | show 🗑
|
||||
| Specific Interventions for Ingested Toxins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | - widely abused - ingested or injected - Morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone, -CNS depressants - Bradypnea,shallow respirations, and pinpoint pupils - case coma and severe respiratory depression
• ALS providers able to administer Narcan
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Sedative Hypnotics are CNS depressants
• Calming effect and induce sleep – taken orally but can be injected
• Barbiturates – amytal seconal and luminal
• Benzodiazepines – valium, Xanax and Rphypnol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Caustic substances
• Acids – low pJ and burn on contact
• Alkalis have a very high pH and tent to burn deeper the acids – pain may be delayed - Activated charcoal is contraindicated with caustic or hydrocarbon ingestion.
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Primary Assessment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | is indicated for unresponsive children with a pulse rate below 60
🗑
|
||||
| show | part of the primary assessment - meant to identify any lift-threatening conditions - not used to identify low priority injuries - pt with the potential for life threatening conditions, conscious or unconscious, receive a rapid scan.
🗑
|
||||
| The foramen magnum | show 🗑
|
||||
| inhalation the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are contracting. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax and air is pulled in, not pushed. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pulmonary edema
🗑
|
||||
| show | JVD and Pedal Edema
🗑
|
||||
| show | exerts control over digestive functions
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dilated pupils, dry mouth, and hypertension, increased cardiac output, increased respirations, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased blood flow to the GI tract
🗑
|
||||
| chemical agents | show 🗑
|
||||
| Biological agents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | are intended to cause injury by blast, radiation, or thermal burns
🗑
|
||||
| ABC | show 🗑
|
||||
| CAB | show 🗑
|
||||
| A nonrebreather mask | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ventilation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | machine is used to nebulize bronchodilator medications
🗑
|
||||
| Primary Assesment - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alert/Awake, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
🗑
|
||||
| CO2 Drive | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | is the body’s backup system to the CO2 drive. It monitors oxygen levels in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| show | occurs when the weight of the fetus and uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.This reduces the return of blood to the heart, reducing cardiac output and blood pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | acial droop, slurred speech, and arm drift
🗑
|
||||
| Scene Size Up | show 🗑
|
||||
| Secondary Assessment | show 🗑
|
||||
| Peritonitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inflammation of the gall bladder often due to gallstones - Females 30-50
S+S - Right upper quadrant pain - Increased pain at night - Increased pain after eating fatty foods - Referred pain in the shoulder is common - Nausea and vomiting
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cholecytitis
🗑
|
||||
| LUG | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Appendix - late
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show | Develops when small pouches (fiverticula) along the wall of the intetestine fill with feces abd become inflamed/ infected
over 40 and low fiber diet - S+S - Abdo pain in the lower left quadrant, Fever, Weakness, Nausea, vomiting, Bleeding not common
🗑
|
||||
| GI Bleeding | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – vomiting blood
🗑
|
||||
| Hematochezia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gastroenteritis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Espophageal Varices | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Open wounds along the digestive tract – often the stomach
• S+S
o History of ulcers
o Abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant
o Nausea and vomiting
o Elicits increase in pain before meals and during stress
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Weakening of the wall of the aorta in the abdominal region, prone to rupture - will cause rapid fatal bleeding - S+S, common in geriatric Males, Tearing back pain, S+S of hypovolemic shock, pulsating abdominal mass
o Transported without delay
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Painful and requires treatment – non emergency transport is recommended
• S+S
o Abdominal pain
o Fever
o Pain during urination
o Increased pain while walking
• Vaginal Bleeding
o Causes – spontaneous abortion, PID, STDS
🗑
|
||||
| UTI – Urinary Tract Infection | show 🗑
|
||||
| Kidney Stones | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | up and over or down and under the dash – head, spinal chest, abdo, hip and lower extremity injuries – unrestrained pts are ejected
🗑
|
||||
| Rear- Impact Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lateral Impact (T-bone) Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rollover MVC | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – increase risk of c-spine injury
🗑
|
||||
| Coup Contrecoup | show 🗑
|
||||
| Falls MOI | show 🗑
|
||||
| Blast Injuries | show 🗑
|
||||
| Glasgow Coma Scale | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 Method - Direct pressure with dry, sterile dressing, Elevate extremity above heart if possible, apply pressure dressing if bleeding is controlled
2nd - Direct pressure does not control bleeding – apply a tourniquet proximal to the source of blood
🗑
|
||||
| show | scrape to the skin due to surface friction
🗑
|
||||
| show | – jagged cut
🗑
|
||||
| • Incission – | show 🗑
|
||||
| • Avulsion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | o Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation Splinting
🗑
|
||||
| Evisceration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Should be stabilized
• Indications for removal
o Object creates airway obstruction or inability to manage airway (cheek)
o Object is in the chest and prevents CPR for pt in cardiac arrest
🗑
|
||||
| show | cover open neck wounds with an occlusive dressing to prevent air embolism
🗑
|
||||
| Five Factors of Burn Severity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Superficial Burn | show 🗑
|
||||
| Partial thickness (second-degree) burn | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Injury completely through dermal layer
• Dry Leathery Skin – no pain
🗑
|
||||
| show | compromise respiratory, 3rd circumferential burns
2nd covering > 30%
3rd covering> 10%
Burns with associated trauma
Full thickness burns to airway, hands, face, feet or genitalia
A moderate burn criteria for pts under 5 and over 55
🗑
|
||||
| Moderate Burn Injuries | show 🗑
|
||||
| Minor Burn Injuries | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | heat from water, steam or fire - Stop burning with moist sterile burn sheet until skin is no longer hot to touch - Replace with dry sterile burn sheet reduce risk of hypothermia infection, Remove clothing that trap heat +Jewelry – massive swelling
🗑
|
||||
| show | – chemical inhalation or inhales hot gases due to fire in a confined space
• S+S include stridor, dyspnea, coughing, wheezing, facial burns, hoarse voice, airway edema, singed facial hair or soot in mouth or nose
🗑
|
||||
| Electrical Burns | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Eyes and respiratory system are at high risk - scene safety first – Remove contaminated clothing, jewelry - Brush off any dry chemical on skin - Irrigate f water
o Avoid contaminating unaffected areas with runoff
• Treat as thermal burn
🗑
|
||||
| show | – stretching injury to a muscle or tenden
• S+S pain and tenderness
• Usually little bleeding with a strain so swelling and discoloration will likely be minimal
🗑
|
||||
| show | – injury to a ligament
• Involve shoulder, knee or ankle joints
• S+S
o Pain and tenderness – immediately
o Swelling and discoloration – delayed
🗑
|
||||
| • Pelvic Fracture | show 🗑
|
||||
| • Femur Fx | show 🗑
|
||||
| Skull fx | show 🗑
|
||||
| Linear skull fx | show 🗑
|
||||
| • Depressed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | - occur base of skull - fluid may leak from nose or ears
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebral Contusion | show 🗑
|
||||
| Epidural Hematoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | rise in systolic blood pressure, widened pulse pressures, bradycardia, irregular breathing, heart rate increase, breathing shallow, apnea will occur, and blood pressure will begin to fall. agonal rhythm followed by respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest.
🗑
|
||||
| show | – bleeding above the brain (beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid meningeal layer) - caused by venous bleeding following cerebral contusion Vomiting, decrease LOC, pupillary changes, unilateral weakness or paralysis, hypertension, changes in resp
🗑
|
||||
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bleeding within brain tissue
• Pts can deteriorate rapidly
• High mortality rate
🗑
|
||||
| show | brain is compressed due to excessive ICP - Will force brain down toward foramen mangnum
o Cushings response/ reflex – hypertension, bradycardia, altered respiratory patern -Mortality rates high – attempt to reduce dangerously high ICP higher ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| show | hypertension, bradycardia and apnea.
🗑
|
||||
| show | – extreme forward (chin to chest) movement of head
🗑
|
||||
| Extension | show 🗑
|
||||
| Compression | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – extreme lateral (side to side) movement
🗑
|
||||
| Distraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – (extreme bending of head to side (ear to shoulder)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Paralysis below injury, Loss of bladder/ bowel control, Respiratory arrest if high cervical injury – C5 +, Neurogenic shock ,Hypotension without tachycardia, Priapism (involuntary penile erection – spinal shock can present but resolves with 24 hours
🗑
|
||||
| Corneal Abrasion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Signifcant MOI – consider spinal trauma
• S+S
o Visual disturbances, double vision
o Deformity around the orbit
o Loss of sensation around the orbit
o Inability to move eye in upward gaze
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Chemicals require immediate and continuous irrigation
• Avoid moving from one eye to the other
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Don’t remove from eye
• Stabilize in place
• Keep both eyes closed to prevent passive movement of impaled object
🗑
|
||||
| Conduction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | loss of heat to passing air
🗑
|
||||
| show | – loss of heat through evaporation of water from the skin
🗑
|
||||
| Respiration | show 🗑
|
||||
| Radiation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | – local emergency
• Occur during prolonged exertion and are likely caused by electrolyte imbalance and dehydration
• Management – rest, rehydrate, restore electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Systemic heat emrg
• Combo of heat exposure and hypovolemia
• S+S
o Hx of exertion in warm environment
o Dizziness, weakness
o Nausea vomiting
o Headache
o Muscle and abdo cramps
o Thirst
o Tachycardia
o Changes in orthostatic vitals
🗑
|
||||
| show | Body looses ability to regulate heat lead to death if untreated
Altered LOC,Skin hot and dry or wet, Seizures, Move cool enviro, If alert water can be administered, Expose pt – cool with water, wet towels cold packs in groin, neck and armpit, transport
🗑
|
||||
| show | • third trimester – placenta attaches to the uterus over the cervical opening
• cervix dilates - placenta is torn and bleeds
• Classic presentation – painless vaginal bleeding third trimester
• Asses for S+S of shock
🗑
|
||||
| show | Premature separation of placenta from the uterine wall
O2 and nutrients to fetus is compromised
Maternal blood loss can be severe
Fetus will not survive a complete abruption
Painful vaginal bleeding in 3rd trimester
Assess S+S of shock
🗑
|
||||
| Ectopic Pregnancy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • Thins as it grows – increasing risk for rupture
• Danger to mother and fetus
• Classic presentation – abdo pain and vaginal bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| show | • Prior to the 20th and 22nd week of pregnancy
• Classic presentation - cramping, lower abdo pain, vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue or clots
• Assess s+s of shock
🗑
|
||||
| Preeclampsia – toxemia of pregnancy | show 🗑
|
||||
| Eclampsia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fetus compresses inferior vena cava – cause severe drop in blood pressure, Occurs later stages when mother is supine- Dizziness, hypotension, pale skin, altered LOC- keep fetus off of vena cava Put pt in seated position, left or right side, if pt is supin
🗑
|
||||
| show | - When the cord is presenting in the birth canal
• Can become compressed and cut of 02
• Instruct Mother not to push – decrease pressure
• Place mother in knee to chest position
• Push presenting part of baby away from cord
• Transport Immediately
🗑
|
||||
| Breech | show 🗑
|
||||
| TICLS | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Appearance, Breathing, Circulation
🗑
|
||||
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Diamond Placards | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
10205508565736698
Popular Paramedic/EMT sets