Meiosis/Mitosis
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| somatic cell | somatic cell any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells
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| gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
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| homologous chromosome | one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent
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| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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| sex chromosome | a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual
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| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete
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| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
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| diploid | a cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
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| haploid | a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes
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| meiosis | cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
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| sperm | male reproductive cell
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| egg | female reproductive cell
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| trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
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| genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
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| cross | the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids
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| law of segregation | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
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| gene | a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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| allele | one of two alternate forms of a gene that can have the same locus on homologous chromosomes and are responsible for alternative traits
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| homozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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| heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
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| genome | the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism
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| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
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| phenotype | the physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic make up.
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| dominant | trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present
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| recessive | The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism.
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| Punnett Square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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| monohybrid cross | a hybrid produced by crossing parents that are homozygous except for a single gene locus that has two alleles (as in Mendel's experiments with garden peas)
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| dihybrid cross | a hybrid produced by parents that differ only at two gene loci that have two alleles each
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| law of independent assortment | each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
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| probability | a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur
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| crossing over | the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
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| genetic linkage | tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
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Created by:
DakotahKrumrie
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